From: Complications of circumcision in male neonates, infants and children: a systematic review
Author | Country | Years | Setting | N | Age | Method used | Indication | Frequency of adverse eventsa | Frequency of serious adverse eventsb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ahmed [7] | Nigeria | 1981-1995 | Hospital | 1563 | Mean 4 years | - | Routine | 0.3% | - |
Atikeler [54] | Turkey | 1999-2002 | Hospital | 782 | Mean 6 years | - | Medical indication or religious reasons | 2.6% | 0% |
Cathcart [74] | UK | 1997-2004 | Hospital | 66519 | 0-15 years | - | 98% Medical | 1.2% | 0% |
Lazarus [53] | South Africa | 1999-2005 | Hospital | 95 | 'boys' | - | Medical or religious | 5.1% | 2.5% |
Leitch [69] | Australia | 1960s | Hospital | 200 | Mean 2 years | - | 71% Medical 29% Cultural | 11% | 0% |
Millar [75] | South Africa | 1985-1987 | Hospital | 129 | 3 months to 10 years | Plastibell | 19 revisions | 12% | - |
Ozdemir [46] | Turkey | 1990s | Hospital | 600 | 8 days to puberty | Forceps guided? | Routine | 1.7% | 0% |
Peng [76] | China | 2005-2007 | Hospital | 160 | 5-12 years | Shenghu disposable device | Mainly medical | Complications whilst wearing device : 17.5%c Complications after removal of device : 0.6% | 0.6% |
Rizvi [64] | Pakistan | 1981-1991 | Hospital | 3096 | 'children' | - | - | 1.6% | - |
Wiswell [18] | USA | 1985-1992 | Hospital | 476 | Mean 3 years | Freehand or sleeve | Cultural (67%) Medical (33%) | 1.7% | 0.2% |
Yegane [77] | Iran | 2002 | Community | 1766 | 71% after 2 years of age | - | - | 4.6% overall (late complications) 2.8% Urologists/surgeons 6.1% GPs/pediatricians 9.1% Paramedics | 0% |