Clinical significance of subepithelial growth patterns in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer

Table 1 The association between subepithelial growth patterns and various parameters

Variables		Cases (n)	Subepithelial growth pattern
			Endophytic growth pattern				von Brunn's nests involvement
			Absent	Present	Present (%)	p value	Absent	Present	Present (%)	p value
Total		130	90	40	30.8	-	125	5	4.0	-
Age (years)						0.56				0.66
	< 70	55	35	20	36.4		52	3	5.5
	≥70	65	45	20	30.8		63	2	3.1
Gender						0.96				1.00
	M	114	79	35	30.7		109	5	4.4
	F	16	11	5	31.3		16	0	0.0
T stage						1.00				0.054
	a	104	72	32	30.8		102	2	1.9
	1	26	18	8	30.8		23	3	11.5
Tumor grade (2004 WHO)						0.70				0.006
	PUNLMP	13	10	3	23.1		13	0	0.0
	LG	84	55	29	34.5		83	1	1.2
	HG	33	25	8	24.2		25	4	12.1
Concomitant CIS						0.054				0.26
	absent	123	73	40	35.4		109	4	3.5
	present	7	7	0	0.0		6	1	14.3
Lymphovascular involvement						0.94				0.026
	absent	110	76	34	30.9		108	2	1.8
	present	20	14	6	30.0		17	3	15.0
Tumor growth pattern						0.023				0.53
(pT1, n = 26)	trabecular	17	9	8	47.1		14	3	17.6
	infiltrative	9	9	0	0.0		9	0	0.0
Endophytic growth pattern										0.64
	absent	90	-	-	-		87	3	3.3
	present	40	-	-	-		38	2	5.0
von Brunn's nest involvement						0.64
	absent	125	87	38	30.4		-	-	-
	present	5	3	2	40.0		-	-	-
Multiplicity						0.33				0.66
	solitary	70	51	19	27.1		68	2	2.9
	multiple	60	39	21	35.0		57	3	5.0
Tumor diameter (cm)						0.17				0.59
	< 3	99	80	28	28.3		96	3	3.0
	3 ≤	31	19	12	38.7		29	2	6.5