Figure 3

Typical experimental records showing the bladder rhythmic contraction (mmHg) to unilateral stimulation at motor threshold intensity (10 Hz, pulse width 0.1 ms) of the left spinal nerve (SN, A) for 10 min, sequential, alternative 5-min stimulation of left SN and right SN for 10 min (B), sequential, alternative 5-min stimulation for 20 min (C) and bilateral electrical stimulation for 10 min. Horizontal bars indicate duration of spinal nerve stimulation. Unilateral neuromodulation (A), 10 min sequential stimulation (B) or 20 min sequential stimulation (C) produced little to no reduction of the frequency of bladder contractions during electrical stimulation. Bilateral stimulation eliminated bladder contractions; after termination of the stimulus, the effect persisted for a few minutes. When bladder contractions recurred, their amplitude was comparable to that before stimulation (D).