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Table 2 Primary causes of pediatric AKI

From: Etiology and outcomes of acute kidney injury in Chinese children: a prospective multicentre investigation

Primary disease

Cases

Constituent ratio (%)

Deaths

Prerenal AKI

188

14.96

4

Severe dehydration

94

7.48

2

Neonatal blood loss

24

1.91

 

Diarrhea

22

1.75

 

Congenital heart disease

20

1.59

1

Significant blood loss

11

0.88

 

Cardiomyopathy

9

0.72

1

Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

3

0.24

 

Late vitamin K deficiency

2

0.16

 

Infant muggy syndrome

2

0.16

 

Myocarditis

1

0.08

 

Renal AKI

723

57.52

39

Acute GN

127

10.10

 

Nephrotic syndrome

78

6.21

3

Neonatal jaundice

67

5.33

 

Sepsis

62

4.93

15

Drug poisoning

58

4.61

2

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

57

4.53

 

Hemolytic uremic syndrome

43

3.42

1

Asphyxia

43

3.42

4

DIC

41

3.26

4

SLE

32

2.55

1

Pneumonia

26

2.07

6

Tumor

24

1.91

1

Acute interstitial nephritis

14

1.11

 

Urinary tract infection

5

0.40

 

IgA nephropathy/Berger’s disease

5

0.40

 

HIE

5

0.40

 

Traffic accident

5

0.40

 

Hemolytic anemia

4

0.32

 

Renal tubular acidosis

3

0.24

 

Vesicoureteral reflux

3

0.24

 

Epidemic hemorrhagic fever

3

0.24

 

Renal vein thrombosis

3

0.24

 

Intubation of umbilical cord

3

0.24

 

Purulent meningitis

2

0.16

 

Kawasaki disease

1

0.08

 

Acute progressive GN

1

0.08

1

Drowning

1

0.08

1

Hemophagocytic syndrome

1

0.08

 

CMV infection

1

0.08

 

Hand-foot-mouth disease

1

0.08

 

Tumor lysis syndrome

1

0.08

 

Crush syndrome

1

0.08

 

HBV-associated GN

1

0.08

 

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

1

0.08

 

Postrenal AKI

323

25.69

 

Urolithiasis (179 by melamine)

281

22.35

 

Congenital urinary tract malformations

42

3.34

 

Unknown

23

1.83