Table 1 Patient demographics and clinicopathologic features
From: Retroperitoneal laparoscopic technique in treatment of complex renal stones: 75 cases
Age (y) | |
Mean | 47.8 |
Range | 18-74 |
Gender | |
Male | 30 (71.4)* |
Female | 12 (28.6) |
Stone size (cm) | |
Mean | 2.1 |
Range | 1.5-3.5 |
Stone location | |
Left | 28 (66.7) |
Right | 14 (33.3) |
Symptoms | |
Renal colic | 30 (71.4) |
No symptoms | 12 (28.6) |
Hydronephrosis | |
Mild to moderate | 32 (76.2) |
Severe | 10 (23.8) |
Complications | |
Nephroptosis | 3 (7.1) |
UPJO | 8 (19.0) |
Retrocaval ureter | 1 (2.4) |
Aberrant crossing vessels | 1 (2.4) |