Table 1 Patient characteristics and perioperative parameters

Number of patients

42

Age (years)

63 (46–79)^a

Male/female

28/14

Laterality (right/left) 21/21

Pathological examination

  Renal cell carcinoma

   pT1N0M0^b

32

   pT1N0M1

1

   pT2N0M0

1

   pT3N0M0

2

  Angiomyolipoma

3

  Renal hematoma

1

  Hydronephrosis

2

Incision length (cm)

6.3 (6–8)

Operation time (min)

198 (113–342)

Blood loss (mL)

284 (30–670)

Days to oral feeding

1.1 (1–2)

Days to walking

2.0 (1–3)

Postoperative hospital stay (days)^c

3.7 (3–5)