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Table 3 Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for bladder cancer among regular users of NSAIDs, with adjustment for other drugs, and among exclusive users.

From: Analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug use and risk of bladder cancer: a population based case control study

Drug use

Adjusted modela

Exclusive use modelb

 

Controls N(%)

Cases N(%)

OR (95%CI)c

Controls N(%)

Cases N(%)

OR (95%CI)c

All NSAIDs

      

Never

278 (61.0)

232 (63.4)

1.0 (reference)

249 (68.0)

211 (74.6)

1.0 (reference)

Ever

178 (39.0)

134 (36.6)

0.6 (0.4–0.9)

117 (32.0)

72 (25.4)

0.6 (0.4–0.9)

Duration of used

      

≤ 4 yrs

61 (13.4)

47 (12.8)

0.7 (0.4–1.1)

46 (12.6)

25 (8.8)

0.6 (0.4–1.1)

4–10 yrs

58 (12.7)

37 (10.1)

0.5 (0.3–0.8)

35 (9.6)

23 (8.1)

0.6 (0.3–1.1)

>10 yrs

59 (12.9)

50 (13.7)

0.7 (0.4–1.1)

36 (9.8)

24 (8.5)

0.6 (0.4–1.1)

P for linear trende

  

0.020

  

0.029

Aspirin

      

Never

333 (73.0)

263 (71.9)

1.0 (reference)

249(78.3)

211(84.4)

1.0 (reference)

Ever

123 (27.0)

103 (28.1)

0.6 (0.4–0.9)

69(21.7)

39(15.6)

0.5 (0.3–0.8)

Duration of used

      

≤ 4 yrs

43 (9.4)

32 (8.7)

0.5 (0.3–0.9)

27(8.5)

10(4.0)

0.4 (0.2–0.8)

4–9 yrs

41 (9.0)

24 (6.6)

0.3 (0.2–0.6)

21(6.6)

12(4.8)

0.5 (0.2–1.0)

>9 yrs

39 (8.6)

47 (12.8)

0.9 (0.5–1.5)

21(6.6)

17(6.8)

0.7 (0.4–1.4)

P for linear trende

  

0.114

  

0.038

Ibuprofen

      

Never

399 (87.5)

332 (90.7)

1.0 (reference)

257 (88.3)

214 (89.5)

1.0 (reference)

Ever

57 (12.5)

34 (9.3)

0.8 (0.5–1.2)

34 (11.7)

25 (10.5)

0.9 (0.5–1.6)

Duration of used

      

≤ 3 yrs

22 (4.8)

15 (4.1)

0.9 (0.5–1.9)

11 (3.8)

11 (4.6)

1.5 (0.6–3.7)

3–10 yrs

16 (3.5)

8 (2.2)

0.5 (0.2–1.3)

10 (3.4)

7 (2.9)

0.7 (0.3–2.0)

>10 yrs

19 (4.2)

11 (3.0)

0.8 (0.4–1.8)

13 (4.5)

7 (2.9)

0.7 (0.3–1.8)

P for linear trende

  

0.244

  

0.484

  1. a Model adjusted by age, sex, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and use of other NSAIDs and analgesics
  2. b Model adjusted by age, sex, and number of cigarettes smoked per day
  3. c Excluded 3 subjects missing number of cigarettes smoked per day.
  4. d Based on tertile of duration of use among controls. No NSAID use is referent.
  5. e Tests for trend were performed by including a single term for categorical duration of NSAID use using non-users as the reference category.