Figure 1

Voiding-associated abdominal and perineal responses. Tracings demonstrating voiding-associated abdominal and perineal responses, by EMG and by intraperitoneal catheter. Top tracing is voided volume, the slope of the volume change is the urine flow rate. The middle two tracings are rectus abdominis and perineal EMG tracings, respectively. The bottom tracing is intra-abdominal pressure. The left column is voiding-associated response in intact rat. The middle column demonstrates the lack of abdominal wall EMG and pressurization response in a botulinum-toxin prepared rat. The right column demonstrates pressure deflection associated with manually squeezing the abdomen in the absence of voiding.