Author | Sex | Age | Presentation | Ultrasonographic/radiological feature | Treatment | Prognosis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bandyopadhyay et al. [6] | M | 58 | Heaviness and swelling in the left upper abdomen | Hydronephrosis | Nephrectomy | N/Aa |
Imriaco et al. [7] | M | 69 | Left flank abdominal pain | A solid mass within the left side of a horseshoe kidney, with associated large renal stones | Partial left nephrectomy | N/A |
Mathur et al. [20] | M | 52 | Heaviness and swelling in the left upper abdomen | Non-functional kidney with dilation of renal calyces | Nephrectomy | N/A |
Jain et al. [10] | M | 50 | Right flank pain | Staghorn calculi with right renal hydronephrosis | Nephrectomy | N/A |
 | M | 87 | Left lower abdomen pain | Left nephrolithiasis with staghorn calculi and hydronephrosis | Nephrectomy | Die in hospital because of coronary complication |
 | F | 50 | Left flank pain | Left renal and ureteric calculi with absence of corticomedullary distinction | Nephrectomy + cisplatin-based chemotherapy | Alive at 3 months after surgery |
 | M | 53 | Bilateral flank pain | Right renal calculi with hydronephrosis | Nephrectomy + cisplatin-based chemotherapy | Alive at 5 months after surgery |
Paonessa et al. [11] | F | 70 | Vague abdominal pain | Multiple calcified areas within superior pole of the left kidney | Nephrectomy | N/A |
Baseskioğlu et al. [13] | M | 56 | Left flank pain and fever | Hydronephrosis, staghorn calculi | Nephrectomy + radiation | Local recurrence, died 3 years later |
Verma et al. [12] | M | 62 | Intermittent colicky pain at the right lumbar region | Right pyonephrosis with nephrolithiasis | Pyelithotomy (Palliative) + chemotherapy | N/A |
Ham et al. [15] | M | 69 | Swelling and pain of right upper abdomen | Severe hydronephrosis with calyceal stones | Nephrectomy + Chemo | Died 7 months later |
Bhaijee [14] | F | 77 | Weight loss and severe anemia | Left upper pole renal mass, staghorn calculus and renal vein thrombus | Nephrectomy | Asymptomatic with no evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease 6Â months after surgery |
Kalayci et al. [16] | M | 63 | 10Â kg weight loss | Big, non-functioning right kidney with staghorn calculi and a hypodense mass within the renal parenchyma extending to the upper pole of the right kidney | Nephrectomy | N/A |
Palmer et al. [17] | F | 46 | Incidental finding | Large Coarse calculi with dilated renal collecting systems | Nehprectomy | Died on postoperative day 8 |
Wu et al. [19] | M | 66 | Intermittent melena, nausea, malaise, and abdominal pain | Heterogeneous renal mass containing a staghorn stone | Exploratory operation + biopsy | Died less than 5 months |
Lin et al. [18] | M | 56 | Hematuria | Right renal staghorn calculi | Debulking surgery | Asymptomatic with no evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease 6Â months after surgery |
Hameed et al. [2] | F | 41 | Chronic backache in the right gluteal region | Complete staghorn calculus with sacral bone metastasis | Chemotherapy | Died 2Â weeks after the 3rd cycle of chemotherapy |