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Fig. 2 | BMC Urology

Fig. 2

From: Pure retroperitoneal natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) transvaginal nephrectomy using standard laparoscopic instruments: a safety and feasibility study in a porcine model

Fig. 2

Construction of the retroperitoneal space. a The left side. * Rectum. b The left enlarged retroperitoneal space. * Medial iliac lymph nodes. ** Left external iliac vessels. c The right side. * Right external iliac artery. ** Aorta. *** Right internal iliac artery. **** Left internal iliac artery. d The left side. * Adrenal. ** Renal

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BMC Urology

ISSN: 1471-2490

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