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Table 4 Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of urological cancer among sampled subjects during the 5-year follow-up period from the index date according to sex

From: Increased risk for urological cancer associated with anxiety disorder: a retrospective cohort study

Presence of urological cancer

Males

Females

Patients with anxiety disorder (n = 22,394)

Comparison cohort (n = 22,394)

Patients with anxiety disorder (n = 36,209)

Comparison cohort (n = 36,209)

No.

Percent

No.

Percent

No.

Percent

No.

Percent

Yes

209 (0.93)

49 (0.22)

106 (0.29)

27 (0.07)

Incidence rate per 10,000 person-years (95% CI)

19.01 (16.52 ~ 21.77)

4.43 (3.27 ~ 5.85)

5.95 (4.87 ~ 7.19)

1.51 (0.99 ~ 2.19)

Crude HRa (95% CI)

4.28*** (3.14 ~ 5.85)

1.00

3.93*** (2.58 ~ 6.00)

1.00

Adjusted HRb (95% CI)

3.82*** (2.79 ~ 5.23)

1.00

3.47*** (2.26 ~ 5.31)

1.00

  1. Notes: aStratified Cox proportional regression stratified on patients’ age group and index year
  2. bAdjusted for patients’ monthly income, urbanization level, geographic region, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, tobacco use disorder, and alcohol abuse/alcohol dependence syndrome. ***p < 0.001