Table 3 Association between frequency of urinary incontinence or activity limitations due to urinary incontinence (independent variables) and loneliness (dependent variable) estimated by logistic regression with no urinary incontinence as the reference category

Frequency of

No urinary incontinence

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Urinary incontinence

Once a month or less

1.62**

1.50*

1.53*

1.33

1.25

1.21

[1.20,2.20]

[1.08,2.07]

[1.09,2.14]

[0.94,1.90]

[0.88,1.78]

[0.85,1.74]

More than once a month

1.79***

1.51***

1.52***

1.16

1.29*

1.11

[1.49,2.15]

[1.24,1.83]

[1.25,1.84]

[0.94,1.42]

[1.04,1.59]

[0.90,1.38]

Activity limitations

No urinary incontinence

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Due to urinary

No activity limitations

1.53***

1.36**

1.37**

1.13

1.16

1.06

Incontinence

[1.28,1.84]

[1.12,1.64]

[1.12,1.67]

[0.92,1.39]

[0.94,1.43]

[0.86,1.32]

Activity limitations

2.60***

2.07***

2.08***

1.46*

1.71**

1.41

[1.91,3.55]

[1.51,2.84]

[1.50,2.88]

[1.03,2.05]

[1.20,2.45]

[0.98,2.04]