Urinary incontinence, mental health and loneliness among community-dwelling older adults in Ireland

BMC Urology

Table 4 Association between frequency of urinary incontinence or activity limitations due to urinary incontinence (independent variables) and loneliness (dependent variable) restricted to individuals with urinary incontinence estimated by logistic regression

Characteristic	Categories	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5	Model 6
Frequency of	Once a month or less	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Urinary incontinence	More than once a month	1.10	0.99	0.99	0.87	1.04	0.91
		[0.78,1.56]	[0.69,1.43]	[0.68,1.44]	[0.59,1.29]	[0.71,1.54]	[0.61,1.36]
Activity limitations	No activity limitations	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Due to urinary	Activity limitations	1.70**	1.52*	1.54*	1.30	1.51*	1.34
Incontinence		[1.20,2.41]	[1.05,2.20]	[1.06,2.24]	[0.87,1.93]	[1.00,2.28]	[0.88,2.04]

Data are odds ratio [95% confidence interval]
Model 1: Unadjusted
Model 2: Adjusted for age, sex, education, financial strain, number of chronic conditions, and ADL disability
Model 3: Adjusted for variables in Model 2 and the Social Network Index
Model 4: Adjusted for variables in Model 3 and depression
Model 5: Adjusted for variables in Model 3 and anxiety
Model 6: Adjusted for variables in Model 3, depression, and anxiety
Abbreviation: Ref Reference category
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01

ISSN: 1471-2490