Table 1 Characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 1018)
Variables | Mean ± SD or n (%) |
|---|---|
Age (years) | 59.1 ± 11.7 |
Sex | |
 Female | 509 (50.0) |
 Male | 509 (50.0) |
Race/ethnicity | |
 Han | 981 (96.4) |
 Other | 37 (3.6) |
Education | |
 Elementary school or lower | 228 (22.4) |
 Middle school | 232 (22.8) |
 High school | 306 (30.1) |
 College or higher | 252 (24.7) |
Marital status | |
 Married | 920 (90.4) |
 Single/divorced/widowed | 98 (9.6) |
Living area | |
 Urban | 770 (75.6) |
 Rural | 248 (24.4) |
Income (RMB (USD)/month) | |
 ≤3000 (451) | 620 (60.9) |
 >3000 (451) | 398 (39.1) |
Smoker | |
 Yes | 345 (33.9) |
 No | 673 (66.1) |
Alcohol drinker | |
 Yes | 308 (30.3) |
 No | 710 (69.7) |
Tea drinker | |
 Yes | 732 (71.9) |
 No | 286 (28.1) |
Fluid intake (ml/day) | |
 ≤2500 | 546 (53.6) |
 >2500 | 472 (46.4) |
Exercise | |
 Yes | 397 (39.0) |
 No | 621 (61.0) |
Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) | 0.9 ± 0.1 |
Urinary tract infection history a | |
 Yes | 93 (9.1) |
 No | 925 (90.9) |
Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) | 1.7 ± 1.0 |
Diabetes mellitus duration (years) | 9.0 ± 7.4 |
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy or retinopathy | |
 Yes | 533 (52.4) |
 No | 485 (47.6) |
overactive bladder | |
 No overactive bladder | 878 (86.3) |
 Dry overactive bladder | 60 (5.9) |
 Wet overactive bladder | 80 (7.9) |