Intraoperative and postoperative feasibility and safety of total tubeless, tubeless, small-bore tube, and standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials

Table 2 Results of network and pairwise meta-analyses comparing procedures for operation time, visual analogue scale pain score, hemoglobin change, and hospital stay

Procedures	Network meta-analysis		Pairwise meta-analysis
Procedures	Mean difference	95% CI	Mean difference	95% CI
Operation time
Standard
Total tubeless	6.11	−3.14 – 17.02	6.19^a	−0.14 – 12.52
Tubeless	6.28	−2.71 – 17.06	7.43^a	−1.70 – 16.57
Small-bore tube	7.09	−6.03 – 20.95	NA
Total tubeless
Tubeless	0.08	−13.60 – 14.27	NA
Small-bore tube	0.95	−16.46 – 17.52	NA
Tubeless
Small-bore tube	0.80	−14.27 – 13.60	0.86^b	−7.95 – 9.68
Visual analogue scale pain score
Standard
Total tubeless	1.25	−2.80 – 5.22	NA
Tubeless	1.20	−0.75 – 3.14	0.06^a	−0.56 – 0.69
Small-bore tube	2.00	−1.03 – 5.14	NA
Total tubeless
Tubeless	−0.07	−4.58 – 4.41	NA
Small-bore tube	0.75	−4.37 – 5.89	NA
Tubeless
Small-bore tube	0.80	−1.51 – 3.24	1.21^a	−0.02 – 2.44
Hemoglobin change
Standard
Total tubeless	0.65	0.14 – 1.13	0.23^a	−0.12 – 0.58
Tubeless	−0.48	−0.87 – −0.09	-0.29^a	−0.53 – −0.05
Small-bore tube	0.73	−0.21 – 1.60	NA
Total tubeless
Tubeless	−1.14	−1.65 – −0.62	NA
Small-bore tube	0.06	−0.76 – 0.92	NA
Tubeless
Small-bore tube	1.30	0.27 – 2.26	−0.02^a	−1.13 – 1.10
Hospital stay
Standard
Total tubeless	1.33	0.23 – 2.43	1.42^b	1.10 – 1.75
Tubeless	0.99	0.19 – 1.79	0.54^a	−1.03 – 2.11
Small-bore tube	0.73	−0.57 – 1.98	NA
Total tubeless
Tubeless	−0.33	−1.71 – 1.04	NA
Small-bore tube	−0.60	−2.29 – 1.08	NA
Tubeless
Small-bore tube	−0.28	−1.39 – 0.83	0.06^a	−0.56 – 0.69

ISSN: 1471-2490