Table 2 Results of OSATS quantity, total number of knots and success rate on the each variable and total score
Novice (n = 10) | Intermediate (n = 12) | Advanced (n = 11) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Needle directed at a 90-degree angle to tissues | 0.14 ± 0.38 | 0.20 ± 0.42 | 0.40 ± 0.52 | 0.305 |
Needle passed through tissue using a rotation of the wrist/hand motion | 0.14 ± 0.38 | 0.20 0.42 | 0.30 ± 0.48 | 0.605 |
Suture pulled through to leave a ¼“–½” tail | 0.14 ± 0.38 | 0.00 0.00 | 0.20 ± 0.42 | 0.329 |
A single knot throw performed | 0.43 ± 0.53 | 0.20 ± 0.42 | 0.20 ± 0.42 | 0.695 |
Knot tied down squarely | 0.43 ± 0.53 | 0.20 ± 0.42 | 0.20 ± 0.42 | 0.695 |
A second knot throw performed | 0.43 ± 0.53 | 0.20 ± 0.42 | 0.30 ± 0.48 | 0.716 |
A third knot throw performed | 0.71 ± 0.49 | 0.40 ± 0.52 | 0.70 ± 0.48 | 0.263 |
Knots tied snuggly (no air knots) | 0.57 ± 0.53 | 0.40 ± 0.52 | 0.40 ± 0.52 | 0.923 |
suturing with evenly spaced throws | 0.57 ± 0.53 | 0.90 ± 0.32 | 0.80 ± 0.42 | 0.408 |
closure smooth – no bunching of tissues | 0.57 ± 0.53 | 0.80 ± 0.42 | 0.80 ± 0.42 | 0.695 |
Total score | 4.14 ± 3.62 | 3.50 ± 3.14 | 4.30 ± 2.41 | 0.475 |
Total No. of knots | 1.4 ± 1.6 | 0.9 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 1.5 | 0.727 |