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Table 2 The basic characteristics of stones

From: Tubeless versus standard percutaneous nephrolithotomy: an update meta-analysis

Study

PCNL (tubeless/standard)

Stone burden

Stone location

Stone composition

Kumar

TB

30.2 ± 4.6 mm

Pelvic (35)

Calyceal (15)

Pelvic + Calyceal (6)

NA

SD

29.5 ± 4.2 mm

Pelvic (20)

Calyceal (24)

Pelvic + Calyceal (13)

NA

Sebaey

TB

1.82 ± 0.36 cm

Renal pelvis (9)

Lower calyx (25)

Middle calyx (5)

Upper calyx (1)

NA

SD

1.91 ± 0.37 cm

Renal pelvis (8)

Lower calyx (25)

Middle calyx (5)

Upper calyx (2)

NA

Zhao

TB

259.0 mm2

NA

Primarily calcium oxalate (53.3%)

Mixed calcium (26.7%)

Primarily uric acid (20%)

Struvite (0%)

SD

276.6 mm2

NA

Primarily calcium oxalate (40%)

Mixed calcium (20%)

Primarily uric acid (33.3%)

Struvite (6.7%)

Agrawal

TB

3.8 (1.0–5.7) cm2

NA

NA

SD

3.6 (1.1–5.3) cm2

NA

NA

Lu

TB

3.11 ± 0.62 cm

NA

NA

SD

3.29 ± 0.54 cm

NA

NA

Chang

TB

Length 24.74 ± 2.69 mm

Width 16.40 ± 3.65 mm

NA

Struvite + apatite (8–11.8%)

Uric acid (0%)

Whewellite (30–44.1%)

Whewellite + apatite (13–19.1%)

Weddellite (17–25%)

SD

Length 24.86 ± 2.78 mm

Width 15.29 ± 4.50 mm

NA

Struvite + apatite (7.9%)

Uric acid (3.2%)

Whewellite (38.1%)

Whewellite + apatite (30.2%)

Weddellite (20.6%)

Aghamir

TB

2.81 ± 0.59 cm2

NA

NA

SD

2.87 ± 0.62 cm2

NA

NA

Istanbulluoglu

TB

448.93 ± 249.13 mm2

lower calyx (26)

pelvis (11)

multiple calyces(6)

upper ureter (1)

upper calyx (1)

NA

SD

453.35 ± 165.97 mm2

lower calyx (14)

pelvis (19)

multiple calyces (10)

upper ureter (2)

NA

Crook

TB

17.5 mm

NA

NA

SD

21.6 mm

NA

NA

Singh

TB

750 mm2

Superior (9)

middle (12)

inferior calices (9)

mixture of calcium oxalate monohydrate

/calcium oxalate dihydrate stones (71%)

calcium phosphate (7%)

carbonate apatite (7%)

magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate (7%)

pure calcium oxalate monohydrate (7%)

xanthine (1%)

SD

800 mm2

Superior (9)

middle (15)

inferior calices (7)

Shah

TB

535.36 ± 543.39 mm2

NA

Calcium oxalate monohydrate (60.6%)

Calcium oxalate dihydrate (18.18%)

Calcium phosphate (3.03%)

Struvite (12.12%)

Uric acid (6.06%)

Cystine (0%)

SD

495.91 ± 445.92 mm2

NA

Calcium oxalate monohydrate (53.12%)

Calcium oxalate dihydrate (28.12%)

Calcium phosphate (0%)

Struvite (9.37%)

Uric acid (6.25%)

Cystine (3.12%)

Agrawal, Madhu S

TB

3.8 (1–5.7) cm2

NA

calcium oxalate (87%)

struvite (7%)

uric acid (1%)

SD

3.6 (1.1–5.3) cm2

NA

calcium oxalate (84%)

struvite (9%)

uric acid (3%)

Tefekli

TB

3.0 ± 0.7 cm2

Renal pelvis (6)

Lower pole calyx (11)

NA

SD

3.1 ± 0.9 cm2

Renal pelvis (9)

Lower pole calyx (9)

NA

Choi

TB

28.5 ± 15.4 mm

NA

NA

SD

26.8 ± 13.5 mm

NA

NA

  1. TB Tubeless Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, SD Standard Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy, NA, Not Available (Insufficient Information Provided)