Table 5 Comparison in patients with renal pelvis tumor only and with ureteral tumor only
Location | Comparison between three groups | Comparison after excluding cases in both locations | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | Renal pelvis only | Ureter only | Both locations | Chi-square or Z | p value | Chi-square or Z | p value | |
Patients, no. (%) | 612 (100) | 304 (49.7) | 267 (43.6) | 41 (6.7) | ||||
Pre-operative characteristic | ||||||||
Gender, no. (%) | 1.595 | 0.450 | 0.495 | 0.501 | ||||
Male | 340 (55.6) | 163 (53.6) | 151 (56.6) | 26 (63.4) | ||||
Female | 272 (44.4) | 141 (46.4) | 116 (43.4) | 15 (36.6) | ||||
Age, no. (%) | 5.554 | 0.062 | 5.391 | 0.023* | ||||
<70 | 340 (55.6) | 182 (59.9) | 134 (50.2) | 24 (58.5) | ||||
≥ 70 | 272 (44.4) | 122 (40.1) | 133 (49.8) | 17 (41.5) | ||||
Age, mean ± SD | 65.09 ± 11.32 | 68.12 ± 10.22 | 66.52 ± 10.79 | 11.059 | 0.004* | −3.298 | 0.001* | |
Previous or concomitant bladder cancer, no. (%) | 31.791 | < 0.001* | 8.721 | 0.004* | ||||
Absent | 545 (89.1) | 286 (94.1) | 232 (86.9) | 27 (65.9) | ||||
Present | 67 (10.9) | 18 (5.9) | 35 (13.1) | 14 (34.1) | ||||
Initial complaint, no. (%) | 23.992 | < 0.001* | 23.745 | < 0.001* | ||||
Absent | 84 (13.7) | 22 (7.2) | 57 (21.3) | 5 (12.2) | ||||
Present | 528 (86.3) | 282 (92.8) | 210 (78.7) | 36 (87.8) | ||||
Gross hematuria, no. (%) | 66.717 | < 0.001* | 65.579 | < 0.001* | ||||
Absent | 148 (24.2) | 33 (10.9) | 107 (40.1) | 8 (19.5) | ||||
Present | 464 (75.8) | 271 (89.1) | 160 (59.9) | 33 (80.5) | ||||
Preoperative renal function, no. (%) | 39.081 | < 0.001* | 29.841 | < 0.001* | ||||
End-stage CKD (eGFR<15) | 34 (5.6) | 21 (6.9) | 10 (3.7) | 3 (7.3) | ||||
Moderate CKD (60>eGFR≥15) | 198 (32.4) | 64 (21.1) | 112 (41.9) | 22 (53.7) | ||||
Early CKD (eGFR≥60) | 378 (61.8) | 218 (71.7) | 144 (53.9) | 16 (39.0) | ||||
eGFR, mean ± SD | 71.30 ± 29.38 | 62.63 ± 22.32 | 55.80 ± 31.99 | 34.160 | < 0.001* | −5.108 | < 0.001* | |
Hydronephrosis, no. (%) | 156.085 | < 0.001* | 151.247 | < 0.001* | ||||
Absent | 273 (44.6) | 212 (69.7) | 49 (18.4) | 12 (29.3) | ||||
Present | 339 (55.4) | 92 (30.3) | 218 (81.6) | 29 (70.7) | ||||
Multifocality, no. (%) | 156.779 | < 0.001* | 10.618 | < 0.001* | ||||
Single | 472 (77.1) | 266 (87.5) | 206 (77.2) | 0 | ||||
Multiple | 140 (22.9) | 38 (12.5) | 61 (22.8) | 41 (100) | ||||
Pathological outcomes | ||||||||
Architecture, no. (%) | 39.792 | < 0.001* | 39.811 | < 0.001* | ||||
Papillary | 479 (78.3) | 269 (88.5) | 178 (66.7) | 32 (78.0) | ||||
Sessile | 133 (21.7) | 35 (12.5) | 89 (33.3) | 9 (22.0) | ||||
Tumor stage, no. (%) | 0.160 | 0.923 | 0.155 | 0.723 | ||||
Ta-T1 | 206 (33.7) | 100 (32.9) | 92 (34.5) | 14 (34.1) | ||||
T2–4 | 406 (66.3) | 204 (67.1) | 175 (65.5) | 27 (65.9) | ||||
Tumor grade, no. (%) | 30.572 | < 0.001* | 28.242 | < 0.001* | ||||
G1 | 19 (3.1) | 4 (1.3) | 15 (5.6) | 0 | ||||
G2 | 334 (54.6) | 214 (70.4) | 115 (43.1) | 25 (61.0) | ||||
G3 | 259 (42.3) | 106 (34.9) | 137 (51.3) | 16 (39.0) | ||||
Lymph node status, no. (%) | 3.772 | 0.152 | 3.769 | 0.064 | ||||
N0 or Nx | 571 (93.3) | 278 (91.4) | 255 (95.5) | 38 (92.7) | ||||
N+ | 41 (6.7) | 26 (8.6) | 12 (4.5) | 3 (7.3) | ||||
Non-organ-confined disease, no. (%) | 10.339 | 0.006* | 9.592 | 0.002* | ||||
No | 412 (67.3) | 186 (61.2) | 196 (73.4) | 30 (73.2) | ||||
Yes | 200 (32.7) | 118 (38.8) | 71 (26.6) | 11 (26.8) | ||||
Tumor size, mean ± SD | 3.56 ± 1.94 | 3.25 ± 2.40 | 3.89 ± 3.39 | 13.014 | 0.001* | −3.695 | < 0.001* | |
Methylation status | ||||||||
TMEFF2, no. (%) | 6.972 | 0.031* | 6.481 | 0.011* | ||||
Unmethylated | 346 (56.5) | 158 (52.0) | 167 (62.5) | 21 (51.2) | ||||
Methylated | 266 (43.5) | 146 (48.0) | 100 (37.5) | 20 (48.8) | ||||
HSPA2, no. (%) | 3.398 | 0.183 | 3.064 | 0.089 | ||||
Unmethylated | 355 (58.0) | 167 (54.9) | 166 (62.2) | 22 (53.7) | ||||
Methylated | 257 (42.0) | 137 (45.1) | 101 (37.8) | 19 (46.3) | ||||
GDF15, no. (%) | 56.507 | < 0.001* | 56.310 | < 0.001* | ||||
Unmethylated | 304 (49.7) | 107 (35.2) | 178 (66.7) | 19 (46.3) | ||||
Methylated | 308 (50.3) | 197 (64.8) | 89 (33.3) | 22 (53.7) | ||||
RASSF1A, no. (%) | 22.562 | < 0.001* | 22.341 | < 0.001* | ||||
Unmethylated | 448 (73.2) | 197 (64.8) | 220 (82.4) | 31 (75.6) | ||||
Methylated | 164 (26.8) | 107 (35.2) | 47 (17.6) | 10 (24.4) | ||||
SALL3, no. (%) | 9.797 | 0.007* | 6.982 | 0.010* | ||||
Unmethylated | 403 (65.8) | 188 (61.8) | 193 (72.3) | 22 (53.7) | ||||
Methylated | 209 (34.2) | 116 (38.2) | 74 (27.7) | 19 (46.3) | ||||
VIM, no. (%) | 3.367 | 0.186 | 1.819 | 0.192 | ||||
Unmethylated | 219 (35.8) | 103 (33.9) | 105 (39.3) | 11 (26.8) | ||||
Methylated | 393 (64.2) | 201 (66.1) | 162 (60.7) | 30 (73.2) | ||||
ABCC6, no. (%) | 6.282 | 0.043* | 6.119 | 0.016* | ||||
Unmethylated | 523 (85.5) | 250 (82.2) | 239 (89.5) | 34 (82.9) | ||||
Methylated | 89 (14.5) | 54 (17.8) | 28 (10.5) | 7 (17.1) | ||||
CDH1, no. (%) | 1.054 | 0.590 | 0.116 | 0.809 | ||||
Unmethylated | 524 (85.6) | 260 (85.5) | 231 (86.5) | 33 (80.5) | ||||
Methylated | 88 (14.4) | 44 (14.5) | 36 (13.5) | 8 (19.5) | ||||
THBS1, no. (%) | 1.041 | 0.594 | 0.096 | 0.772 | ||||
Unmethylated | 457 (74.7) | 230 (75.7) | 199 (74.5) | 28 (68.3) | ||||
Methylated | 155 (25.3) | 74 (24.3) | 68 (25.5) | 13 (31.7) | ||||
BRCA1, no. (%) | 2.219 | 0.330 | 0.863 | 0.375 | ||||
Unmethylated | 504 (82.4) | 256 (84.2) | 217 (81.3) | 31 (75.6) | ||||
Methylated | 108 (17.6) | 48 (15.8) | 50 (18.7) | 10 (24.4) | ||||
Presence of hypermethylation in any gene, no. (%) | 8.739 | 0.013* | 8.537 | 0.004* | ||||
Unmethylated | 70 (11.4) | 24 (7.9) | 42 (15.7) | 4 (9.8) | ||||
Methylated | 542 (88.6) | 28 (92.1) | 225 (84.3) | 37 (90.2) | ||||
Mean methylated genes | 3.70 ± 2.33 | 2.83 ± 2.18 | 3.85 ± 2.35 | 21.900 | < 0.001* | −4.431 | < 0.001* | |
Number of methylated genes, no. (%) | 20.046 | < 0.001* | 16.108 | < 0.001* | ||||
0–2 | 254 (41.5) | 108 (35.5) | 135 (50.6) | 11 (26.8) | ||||
3–5 | 243 (39.7) | 126 (41.4) | 97 (36.3) | 20 (48.8) | ||||
6–10 | 115 (18.8) | 70 (23.0) | 35 (13.1) | 10 (24.4) | ||||
Prognostic outcomes | ||||||||
aOverall mortality, no. (%) | 0.059 | 0.011* | 4.547 | 0.033* | ||||
Survive | 379 (66.4) | 210 (69.1) | 169 (63.3) | 23 (56.1) | ||||
Death | 192 | 94 (30.9) | 98 (36.7) | 18 (43.9) | ||||
aCancer-specific mortality, no. (%) | 0.059 | 0.011* | 4.547 | 0.033* | ||||
Survive | 425 (69.4) | 223 (73.4) | 178 (66.7) | 34 (58.5) | ||||
Death | 187 (30.6) | 81 (26.6) | 89 (33.3) | 17 (41.5) | ||||
aIntravesical recurrence, no. (%) | 6.131 | 0.047* | 2.879 | 0.090 | ||||
No recurrence | 438 (71.6) | 228 (75.0) | 185 (69.3) | 25 (61.0) | ||||
Recurrence | 174 (28.4) | 76 (25.0) | 82 (30.7) | 16 (39.0) | ||||
aContralateral recurrence, no. (%) | 6.668 | 0.036* | 0.610 | 0.435 | ||||
No recurrence | 580 (94.8) | 291 (95.7) | 253 (94.8) | 41 (87.8) | ||||
Recurrence | 32 (5.2) | 13 (4.3) | 14 (5.2) | 5 (12.2) | ||||