Table 1 Characteristics of the 793 patients and variables associated with LOS by univariate analysis
Variables | Mean ± SD or n (%) | LOS | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Median (25th–75th percentile) | |||
Patient demographics | ||||
 Age (y) | 67.0 ± 6.8 | 11.7 ± 4.6 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) | 0.693a |
 Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.7 ± 2.8 | 11.7 ± 4.6 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) | 0.407a |
 Marital status |  |  |  | 0.877c |
  Married | 771 (97.2%) | 11.7 ± 4.6 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) |  |
  Widowed | 16 (2.0%) | 11.8 ± 6.1 | 10.0 (9.0–11.8) |  |
  Single | 6 (0.8%) | 11.8 ± 3.7 | 10.0 (9.0–16.3) |  |
 Smoking |  |  |  | 0.612b |
  No | 511 (64.4%) | 11.8 ± 4.5 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) |  |
  Yes | 282 (35.6%) | 11.6 ± 4.8 | 10.0 (9.0–13.3) |  |
 Drinking |  |  |  | 0.678b |
  No | 621 (78.3%) | 11.7 ± 4.5 | 10.0 (9.0–13.5) |  |
  Yes | 172 (21.7%) | 11.7 ± 5.2 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) |  |
 Family history of Prostate cancer |  |  |  | 0.752b |
  No | 580 (73.1%) | 11.7 ± 4.8 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) |  |
  Yes | 213 (26.9%) | 11.7 ± 4.3 | 10.0 (9.0–13.0) |  |
Medical comorbidities | ||||
 Hypertension |  |  |  | 0.798b |
  No | 434 (54.7%) | 11.8 ± 5.1 | 10.0 (9.0–13.3) |  |
  Yes | 359 (45.3%) | 11.6 ± 4.1 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) |  |
 Diabetes |  |  |  | 0.487b |
  No | 718 (90.5%) | 11.8 ± 4.8 | 10.0 (9.0–13.0) |  |
  Yes | 75 (9.5%) | 11.3 ± 3.5 | 10.0 (8.0–14.0) |  |
 Cardiovascular & cerebrovascular diseases |  |  |  | 0.705b |
  No | 734 (92.6%) | 11.7 ± 4.6 | 10.0 (9.0–13.0) |  |
  Yes | 59 (7.4%) | 12.0 ± 5.0 | 10.0 (9.0–15.0) |  |
Prostate cancer disease-specific variables | ||||
 Biopsy Gleason score |  |  |  | < 0.001 c |
   ≤ 6 | 254 (32.0%) | 11.1 ± 4.2 | 10.0 (9.0–12.0) |  |
  7 | 344 (43.4%) | 11.7 ± 5.0 | 10.0 (9.0–13.0) |  |
   ≥ 8 | 195 (24.6%) | 12.6 ± 4.5 | 11.0 (9.0–15.0) |  |
 Preoperative PSA | 17.0 ± 22.3 | 11.7 ± 4.6 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) | 0.036 a |
 Prostate Volume (ml) | 34.0 ± 19.6 | 11.7 ± 4.6 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) | 0.214a |
Urinary tract problems | ||||
 Dysuresia |  |  |  | 0.032 b |
  No | 667 (84.1%) | 11.6 ± 4.7 | 10.0 (9.0–13.0) |  |
  Yes | 126 (15.9%) | 12.3 ± 4.3 | 11.0 (9.0–15.0) |  |
 Pain or burning on urination |  |  |  | 0.416b |
  No | 761 (96.0%) | 11.7 ± 4.7 | 10.0 (9.0–13.0) |  |
  Yes | 32 (4.0%) | 11.9 ± 3.6 | 10.5 (9.0–15.0) |  |
 Frequent urination |  |  |  | 0.169b |
  No | 633 (79.8%) | 11.7 ± 4.9 | 10.0 (9.0–13.0) |  |
  Yes | 160 (20.2%) | 11.8 ± 3.7 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) |  |
 Urgent urination |  |  |  | 0.912b |
  No | 690 (87.0%) | 11.8 ± 4.8 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) |  |
  Yes | 103 (13.0%) | 11.4 ± 3.6 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) |  |
 Hematuria |  |  |  | 0.545b |
  No | 776 (97.9%) | 11.7 ± 4.7 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) |  |
  Yes | 17 (2.1%) | 11.1 ± 3.8 | 10.0 (8.0–12.5) |  |
Preoperative laboratory values | ||||
 White blood count (×109/L) | 5.8 ± 1.5 | 11.7 ± 4.6 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) | < 0.001 a |
 Neutrophil (%) | 57.0 ± 8.9 | 11.7 ± 4.6 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) | 0.467a |
 Hemoglobin (g/L) | 143.3 ± 13.4 | 11.7 ± 4.6 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) | 0.713a |
 Hematocrit (%) | 42.1 ± 3.6 | 11.7 ± 4.6 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) | 0.387a |
 Platelet count (×  109/L) | 186.9 ± 49.3 | 11.7 ± 4.6 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) | 0.005 a |
 Albumin (g/L) | 43.2 ± 4.2 | 11.7 ± 4.6 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) | 0.475a |
 GPT (U/L) | 23.6 ± 21.2 | 11.7 ± 4.6 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) | 0.170a |
 Serum total bilirubin (ummol/L) | 12.3 ± 5.0 | 11.7 ± 4.6 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) | 0.402a |
 Creatinine (ummol/L) | 78.4 ± 13.2 | 11.7 ± 4.6 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) | 0.106a |
 Serum potassium (mmol/L) | 4.2 ± 0.4 | 11.7 ± 4.6 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) | 0.309a |
 Serum calcium (mmol/L) | 2.3 ± 0.1 | 11.7 ± 4.6 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) | 0.008 a |
 Blood glucose (mmol/L) | 5.0 ± 0.9 | 11.7 ± 4.6 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) | 0.053 a |
Intraoperative variables | ||||
 Operation type& |  |  |  | < 0.001 c |
  Open | 325 (41.0%) | 13.3 ± 5.1 | 12.0 (10.0–15.0) |  |
  Laparoscopic | 257 (32.4% | 11.0 ± 3.8 | 10.0 (9.0–12.0) |  |
  Robot assisted | 211 (26.6%) | 10.1 ± 4.1 | 9.0 (8.0–10.0) |  |
 Blood loss (L) | 0.2 ± 0.2 | 11.7 ± 4.6 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) | < 0.001 a |
 Operation duration (h) | 3.0 ± 0.9 | 11.7 ± 4.6 | 10.0 (9.0–14.0) | 0.177a |