Fig. 2
a A 1 mm-sized hole at the bottom of the syringe for fragmented particles to go out. b A laser fiber was positioned 1–2 mm away from the phantom stones when the dusting technique starts. c Irrigation fluid at the height of 40cmH2O to mimic the real practice situation. d Dusts < 1 mm went out of the syringe during laser firing. When the all particles disappear in the syringe, the duration of dusting was checked by a stop-watch