Table 1 PICOS principle of inclusion criteria

Patients

Adult men diagnosed as prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy

Intervention

Intrafascial nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy, including Veil, Leipzig, curtain dissection, or other techniques approaching fascial planes on the surface of the prostatic capsule or medial/internal to the prostatic fascia, regardless of surgery types

Comparison

Conventional interfascial nerve-sparing prostatectomy, regardless of surgery types

Outcomes

PSM rates stratified by pathological stages

Study design

Surgical series or prospective/retrospective controlled studies, including RCTs