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Table 2 Case reports of tumor seeding through PCN track

From: Does preoperative percutaneous nephrostomy insertion worsen upper-tract urothelial cancer oncological outcome? A retrospective single center study

Authors

Sex, M/F

Age, years

Concomitant with bladder cancer?

Tumor site

Histology

PCN function

Definite NUXBCE?

PCN dwelling time

Recurrence site

Time from PCN to recurrence

Sharma et al. 1994 [5]

M

56

Yes

RP, U

UC, high grade

PET

Yes

N.R.

Nephrectomy scar site

8 months

Huang et al. 1995 [6]

F

80

Yes

U

UC, high grade

Relief of obstruction, AP diagnosis

Yes

30 days

Nephrostomy track

1 month

Sengupta and Harewood,1998 [7]

M

78

Yes

RP

UC, high grade

Relief of obstruction

Yes

N.R.

Nephrostomy track

9 months

Yamada et al. 2002 [4]

M

63

Yes

RP

UC, low grade(G2)

PET

Yes

14 days

Nephrostomy track

3 months

Treuthardt et al. 2004 [8]

M

61

Yes

RP

UC, high grade(G2)

PET

No

6 weeks

Nephrostomy track

12 months

Wang et al. 2004 [9]

F

63

Yes

RP, U

UC, high grade(G3)

Relief of obstruction

Yes

7 days

Nephrostomy track

3 months

M

52

No

RP

SCC, poor differentiated

PET

Yes

10 days

Nephrostomy track

4 months

Sorokin et al. 2013 [3]

M

76

Yes

RP

UC, high grade

PET

No

2 months

Nephrostomy track

5 months

  1. UC urothelial cancer, N.R. not reported, SCC squamous cell carcinoma, PCN percutaneous nephrostomy, NUXBCE nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision, PET percutaneous endoscopic treatment, AP antegrade pyelography, RP renal pelvis, U ureter