Table 1 Comparisons of demographic and clinical characteristics as well as bacterial alpha diversity between diabetes group and control group
|  | Diabetes (n = 32) | Control (n = 26) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic Characteristics | |||
 Age (y) | 56.969 ± 8.014 | 57.615 ± 9.239 | 0.776 |
 Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.739 ± 4.379 | 24.298 ± 3.120 | 0.587 |
 Menstrual status [no.(%)] | 0.600 | ||
  Premenopausal | 8 (25.0%) | 5 (19.2%) | |
  Postmenopausal | 24 (75.0%) | 21 (80.8%) | |
 Reproductive status [no.(%)] | 0.448 | ||
  Fertile | 32 (100%) | 25 (96.2%) | |
  Sterile | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.8%) | |
Clinical Characteristics | |||
 Duration of diabetes (y) | 6.906 ± 4.748 | N/A | |
 Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 7.913 ± 3.264 | 5.182 ± 0.592 | < 0.001 |
 Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 8.088 ± 2.168 | N/A | |
 Retinopathy [no.(%)] | 10 (31.3%) | N/A | |
 Peripheral neuropathy [no.(%)] | 27 (84.4%) | N/A | |
 Hypertension [no.(%)] | 14 (43.8%) | 8 (30.8%) | 0.311 |
 Creatinine (μmol/L) | 65.156 ± 52.802 | 58.423 ± 8.420 | 0.178 |
 Estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73m2) | 104.513 ± 38.578 | 94.576 ± 16.170 | 0.193 |
 American Urological Association Index | |||
  Total score | 9.219 ± 6.904 | 2.846 ± 3.319 | < 0.001 |
  Storage score | 5.375 ± 4.612 | 1.846 ± 1.617 | 0.001 |
  Emptying score | 3.844 ± 4.573 | 1.000 ± 2.482 | 0.001 |
Parameter of Bacterial Alpha Diversity | |||
 Observed species | 88 (11, 245) | 135 (15, 258) | 0.166 |
 Chao1 | 103.60 (14.00, 272.00) | 149.50 (29.00, 339.00) | 0.107 |
 ACE index | 104.30 (16.50, 416.70) | 146.10 (40.70, 428.60) | 0.077 |
 Shannon index | 1.70 (0.04, 3.48) | 1.78 (0.01, 3.54) | 0.552 |
 Simpson index | 0.31 (0.06, 0.99) | 0.38 (0.07, 1.00) | 0.381 |