Table 2 Comparisons of demographic and clinical characteristics as well as bacterial alpha diversity between HS group and LS group
|  | HS (n = 17) | LS (n = 15) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographic Characteristics | |||
 Age (y) | 57.882 ± 8.230 | 55.933 ± 7.914 | 0.501 |
 Body mass index (kg/m2) | 23.715 ± 4.320 | 23.766 ± 4.596 | 0.975 |
 Menstrual status [no.(%)] | 1.000 | ||
  Premenopausal | 4 (23.5%) | 4 (26.7%) | |
  Postmenopausal | 13 (76.5%) | 11 (73.3%) | |
 Reproductive status [no.(%)] | N/A | ||
  Fertile | 17 (100%) | 15 (100%) | |
  Sterile | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
Clinical Characteristics | |||
 Duration of diabetes (y) | 6.882 ± 5.278 | 6.933 ± 4.250 | 0.976 |
 Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L) | 8.148 ± 3.798 | 7.647 ± 2.640 | 0.672 |
 Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 9.294 ± 2.044 | 6.720 ± 1.364 | < 0.001 |
 Retinopathy [no.(%)] | 5 (29.4%) | 5 (33.3%) | 1.000 |
 Peripheral neuropathy [no.(%)] | 15 (88.2%) | 12 (80.0%) | 0.645 |
 Hypertension [no.(%)] | 7 (41.2%) | 7 (46.7%) | 0.755 |
 Creatinine (μmol/L) | 70.177 ± 68.789 | 59.467 ± 26.465 | 0.852 |
 Estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73m2) | 101.304 ± 34.613 | 108.150 ± 43.583 | 0.624 |
Parameter of Bacterial Alpha Diversity | |||
 Observed species | 76 (10, 175) | 98 (54, 234) | 0.011 |
 Chao1 | 83.86 (11.00, 210.77) | 125.19 (62.00, 251.77) | 0.005 |
 ACE index | 85.52 (13.75, 204.84) | 129.82 (63.89, 280.30) | 0.005 |
 Shannon index | 1.40 (0.04, 3.48) | 2.01 (0.98, 3.43) | 0.132 |
 Simpson index | 0.44 (0.06, 0.99) | 0.28 (0.07, 0.64) | 0.202 |