Table 1 Summary of the literature on postoperative bilateral adrenal hemorrhage since 2013
From: Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage after hip arthroplasty: an initially misdiagnosed case
No. | Year | Age | Gender | Procedure | DVT prophylaxis | POD | Symptoms | Lab. exams | Treatment | Outcome | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2013 | 52 | F | Right hip arthroplasty | LMWH | 9 | Ap, hypotension, vomiting, weakness | Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia | Hydrocortisone fludrocortisone | Adrenal insufficiency, oral replacement | [9] |
2 | 2014 | 67 | M | Laparotomy, adhesiolysis | Not shown | 4 | Ap, confused, pyrexia | Hyponatraemia, hypocalcaemia hypermagnesaemia | Hydrocortisone | Long-term fludrocortisone | [10] |
3 | 2014 | 48 | F | Right partial nephrectomy | LMWH (for PE) | 6 | Syncope, hypotension, lethargy, fever | Thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia | Hydrocortisone | Adrenal insufficiency, oral replacement | [11] |
4 | 2015 | 45 | F | Chole-cystectomy | LMWH | 9 | Ap, fever, nausea, vomiting | Hyponatremia, thrombocytosis, antiphospholipid antibodies(+) | Fludrocortisone | well | [6] |
5 | 2015 | 65 | F | Total knee arthroplasty | LMWH enoxaparin | 8 | Vague, epigastric pain, lethargy, fever, nausea | Hyponatremia, hypokalemia | Hydrocortisone | well | [12] |
6 | 2015 | 75 | M | Total hip replacement | Warfarin | 14 | Watery diarrhoea, vomiting, hypotension | Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia | Hydrocortisone | Adrenal insufficiency, oral replacement | [13] |
7 | 2015 | 48 | F | Total knee arthroplasty | Aspirin LMWH | 8 | Ap, fever, hypotension | Thrombocytopenia, heparin platelet factor 4 antibody(+) | Steroids | Well | [14] |
8 | 2016 | 93 | F | Hemi-colectomy | Not shown | 4 | Ap, hypotension, syncope | hyponatremia, hypokalemia, heparin platelet factor 4 antibody(+) | Hydrocortisone | Stable, lifelong steroids | [15] |
9 | 2017 | 76 | F | Pancreaticoduodenectomy | Not shown | 5 | Ap, hypotension, nausea, vomiting | Hemoglobin drop, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia | Hydrocortisone | well | [16] |
10 | 2018 | 65 | F | Colectomy | LMWH | 4 | Fever, fatigue, lethargy, hypotension | Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia | Steroids | well | [8] |
11 | 2018 | 72 | M | Total colectomy | LMWH | 5 | Anorexia, lethargy, hypotension, fever | Hyponatremia; anticardiolipin antibodies(+) | Hydrocortisone | well | [8] |
12 | 2019 | 57 | F | Left hip arthroplasty | LMWH enoxaparin | 8 | Ap, fever, nausea, vomiting, weakness | Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, metabolic acidosis | Oral predni-solone acetate | Adrenal insufficiency, oral replacement | Our case |