TY - JOUR AU - Biber, Ulrich AU - Jurjut, Ovidiu AU - Enderle, Markus D. AU - Aicher, Wilhelm K. PY - 2020 DA - 2020/05/27 TI - Risk assessment of neuromuscular stimulation by energy-based transurethral resection devices: an ex vivo test standard JO - BMC Urology SP - 59 VL - 20 IS - 1 AB - During transurethral resection of bladder tumours (TURB), radio-frequency (RF) currents can lead to adverse neuromuscular stimulation (NMS). Here we present a novel ex vivo method to determine the risk of RF generators and their bipolar TURB modes to cause NMS. We aimed to develop an experimental platform for safety evaluation of new RF generators and their modes with a newly established test standard, suitable for replacement or reduction of animal testing. SN - 1471-2490 UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12894-020-00630-5 DO - 10.1186/s12894-020-00630-5 ID - Biber2020 ER -