Parameters | Transperitoneal LA (TLA), n = 37 | Retroperitoneal LA (RLA), n = 117 | RATLA, n = 87 | pa | pb | pc |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, yr, mean (SD) | 47.6 ± 12.1 | 49.3 ± 12.1 | 48.4 ± 14.0 | 0.447 | 0.746 | 0.638 |
Gender | 0.231 | 0.844 | 0.188 | |||
Male | 19 (51.4) | 47 (40.2) | 43 (49.4) | |||
Female | 18 (48.6) | 70 (59.8) | 44 (50.6) | |||
BMI, mean (SD) | 23.6 ± 2.9 | 24.9 ± 3.1 | 24.7 ± 3.9 | 0.030 | 0.081 | 0.809 |
ASA score ≥ 3 | 25 (67.6) | 75 (64.1) | 62 (71.3) | 0.700 | 0.681 | 0.281 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 4 | 6 (16.2) | 14 (12.0) | 19 (21.8) | 0.697 | 0.475 | 0.058 |
Side | 0.455 | 0.556 | 0.858 | |||
Left | 17 (45.9) | 62 (53.0) | 45 (51.7) | |||
Right | 20 (54.1) | 55 (47.0) | 42 (48.3) | |||
Tumor size, mm, mean (SD) | 5.2 ± 2.1 | 2.7 ± 1.1 | 4.7 ± 2.6 | 0.000 | 0.253 | 0.000 |
Past abdominal surgery | 5 (13.5) | 16 (13.7) | 14 (16.1) | 0.980 | 0.715 | 0.630 |
Preop Hb, g/dl, mean (SD) | 130.8 ± 18.6 | 133.4 ± 15.5 | 135.0 ± 16.7 | 0.400 | 0.209 | 0.458 |
Operative time, min, mean (SD) | 141.6 ± 47.5 | 129.8 ± 38.8 | 136.1 ± 41.5 | 0.130 | 0.521 | 0.268 |
Estimated blood loss, ml, mean (SD) | 131.1 ± 204.5 | 85.4 ± 88.8 | 75.6 ± 95.6 | 0.194 | 0.041 | 0.452 |
Open conversion | 1 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.542 | 0.658 | – |
Intraoperative transfusions | 2 (5.4) | 2 (1.7) | 3 (3.4) | 0.523 | 0.994 | 0.736 |
Postoperative transfusions | 3 (8.1) | 2 (1.7) | 1 (1.1) | 0.167 | 0.147 | 1.000 |
Complications | ||||||
Intraoperative | 3 (8.1) | 5 (4.3) | 3 (3.4) | 0.623 | 0.516 | 1.000 |
Postoperative | 4 (10.8) | 14 (12.0) | 6 (6.9) | 1.000 | 0.710 | 0.229 |
Clavien 1–2 | 4 (10.8) | 13 (11.1) | 6 (6.9) | |||
Clavien 3–4 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Hb at discharge, g/dl, mean (SD) | 116.3 ± 19.4 | 121.7 ± 15.5 | 121.2 ± 16.2 | 0.088 | 0.150 | 0.840 |
Length of stay, d, mean (SD) | 6.6 ± 2.4 | 5.0 ± 3.8 | 4.1 ± 1.9 | 0.024 | 0.000 | 0.029 |
Readmission | 0 (0.0) | 2 (1.7) | 2 (2.3) | 1.000 | 0.880 | 1.000 |
Tumor histology | 1.000 | 1.000 | 0.736 | |||
Malignant | 1 (2.7) | 2 (1.7) | 3 (3.4) | |||
Benign | 36 (97.3) | 115 (98.3) | 84 (96.6) | |||
Histology type | 0.307 | 0.664 | 0.588 | |||
Adrenocortical adenoma | 16 (43.2) | 64 (54.7) | 40 (46.0) | |||
Pheochromocytoma | 6 (16.2) | 27 (23.1) | 18 (20.7) | |||
Myelolipoma | 4 (10.8) | 9 (7.7) | 13 (14.9) | |||
Adrenocortical carcinoma | 1 (2.7) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (1.1) | |||
Metastasis | 0 (1.0) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (1.1) | |||
Others | 10 (27.0) | 15 (12.8) | 14 (16.1) |