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Table 1 Demographic and clinical parameters in the study

From: Retrospective comparison of three minimally invasive approaches for adrenal tumors: perioperative outcomes of transperitoneal laparoscopic, retroperitoneal laparoscopic and robot-assisted laparoscopic adrenalectomy

Parameters

Transperitoneal LA (TLA), n = 37

Retroperitoneal LA (RLA), n = 117

RATLA, n = 87

pa

pb

pc

Age, yr, mean (SD)

47.6 ± 12.1

49.3 ± 12.1

48.4 ± 14.0

0.447

0.746

0.638

Gender

   

0.231

0.844

0.188

Male

19 (51.4)

47 (40.2)

43 (49.4)

   

Female

18 (48.6)

70 (59.8)

44 (50.6)

   

BMI, mean (SD)

23.6 ± 2.9

24.9 ± 3.1

24.7 ± 3.9

0.030

0.081

0.809

ASA score ≥ 3

25 (67.6)

75 (64.1)

62 (71.3)

0.700

0.681

0.281

Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥ 4

6 (16.2)

14 (12.0)

19 (21.8)

0.697

0.475

0.058

Side

   

0.455

0.556

0.858

Left

17 (45.9)

62 (53.0)

45 (51.7)

   

Right

20 (54.1)

55 (47.0)

42 (48.3)

   

Tumor size, mm, mean (SD)

5.2 ± 2.1

2.7 ± 1.1

4.7 ± 2.6

0.000

0.253

0.000

Past abdominal surgery

5 (13.5)

16 (13.7)

14 (16.1)

0.980

0.715

0.630

Preop Hb, g/dl, mean (SD)

130.8 ± 18.6

133.4 ± 15.5

135.0 ± 16.7

0.400

0.209

0.458

Operative time, min, mean (SD)

141.6 ± 47.5

129.8 ± 38.8

136.1 ± 41.5

0.130

0.521

0.268

Estimated blood loss, ml, mean (SD)

131.1 ± 204.5

85.4 ± 88.8

75.6 ± 95.6

0.194

0.041

0.452

Open conversion

1 (2.7)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0.542

0.658

Intraoperative transfusions

2 (5.4)

2 (1.7)

3 (3.4)

0.523

0.994

0.736

Postoperative transfusions

3 (8.1)

2 (1.7)

1 (1.1)

0.167

0.147

1.000

Complications

Intraoperative

3 (8.1)

5 (4.3)

3 (3.4)

0.623

0.516

1.000

Postoperative

4 (10.8)

14 (12.0)

6 (6.9)

1.000

0.710

0.229

Clavien 1–2

4 (10.8)

13 (11.1)

6 (6.9)

   

Clavien 3–4

0 (0.0)

1 (0.9)

0 (0.0)

   

Hb at discharge, g/dl, mean (SD)

116.3 ± 19.4

121.7 ± 15.5

121.2 ± 16.2

0.088

0.150

0.840

Length of stay, d, mean (SD)

6.6 ± 2.4

5.0 ± 3.8

4.1 ± 1.9

0.024

0.000

0.029

Readmission

0 (0.0)

2 (1.7)

2 (2.3)

1.000

0.880

1.000

Tumor histology

   

1.000

1.000

0.736

Malignant

1 (2.7)

2 (1.7)

3 (3.4)

   

Benign

36 (97.3)

115 (98.3)

84 (96.6)

   

Histology type

   

0.307

0.664

0.588

Adrenocortical adenoma

16 (43.2)

64 (54.7)

40 (46.0)

   

Pheochromocytoma

6 (16.2)

27 (23.1)

18 (20.7)

   

Myelolipoma

4 (10.8)

9 (7.7)

13 (14.9)

   

Adrenocortical carcinoma

1 (2.7)

1 (0.7)

1 (1.1)

   

Metastasis

0 (1.0)

1 (0.7)

1 (1.1)

   

Others

10 (27.0)

15 (12.8)

14 (16.1)

   
  1. Data are n (%) unless indicated
  2. a Transperitoneal LA vs Retroperitoneal LA
  3. b Transperitoneal LA vs RATLA
  4. c Retroperitoneal LA vs RATLA