Table 1 Clinical characteristics of patients with and without urinary tract infection (UTI)
From: Urinary tract infection is associated with hypokalemia: a case control study
Factor | UTI N = 43,719 | Control N = 43,719 | P |
|---|---|---|---|
Hypokalemia n (%) | 4540 (10.4) | 1842 (4.2) | < 0.001 |
Duration of hospitalization (day) | 12.7 ± 24.8 | 7.4 ± 14.5 | < 0.001 |
Age | 63.6 ± 18.2 | 63.5 ± 17.7 | 0.492 |
Male n (%) | 17,177 (39.3) | 17,152 (39.2) | 0.87 |
Comorbidity n (%) | |||
CVA | 12,574 (28.8) | 12,412 (28.4) | 0.23 |
COPD | 13,519 (30.9) | 13,428 (30.7) | 0.51 |
DM | 14,776 (33.8) | 14,615 (33.4) | 0.25 |
HTN | 25,860 (59.2) | 25,752 (58.9) | 0.46 |
CHF | 6154 (14.1) | 6128 (14.0) | 0.81 |
AKI | 119 (0.3) | 117 (0.3) | 0.95 |
CKD | 3162 (7.2) | 3125 (7.1) | 0.64 |
Cushing syndrome | 283 (0.6) | 279 (0.6) | 0.90 |
Hyperthyroidism | 660 (1.5) | 654 (1.5) | 0.89 |
Leukorrhea | 350 (0.8) | 332 (0.8) | 0.51 |
Diarrhea | 59 (0.1) | 62 (0.1) | 0.85 |
Poor intake | 40 (0.1) | 46 (0.1) | 0.59 |
Malnutrition | 22 (0.05) | 25 (0.06) | 0.77 |
Medications n (%) | |||
Potassium-sparing diuretics | 63 (0.1) | 75 (0.2) | 0.35 |
Thiazides | 261 (0.6) | 283 (0.6) | 0.37 |
Sulfonamides | 175 (0.4) | 208 (0.5) | 0.10 |
Beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists | 176 (0.4) | 204 (0.5) | 0.17 |
Xanthiums | 1777 (4.1) | 1782 (4.1) | 0.94 |
Antibiotics | 298 (0.7) | 296 (0.7) | 0.97 |
Insulin | 752 (1.7) | 763 (1.7) | 0.79 |
Steroids | 648 (1.5) | 663 (1.5) | 0.69 |
Potassium binders | 105 (0.2) | 105 (0.2) | – |
Laxatives | 4458 (10.2) | 4412 (10.1) | 0.61 |
Urethral catheterization | 3034 (6.7) | 3034 (6.7) | – |