Table 1 Summarizes the primary characteristics of the included trials
Author, year | Study design | Hypospadias type | Total number of patients | Mean age (range) (year) | Follow-up (mo) | Perioperative use of antibiotics | Postoperative complications | Functional and cosmetic outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Babu 2013 [14] | Pro | Distal and midshaft | 83 | 1.06 (0.75–1.6) | 12 | Intravenous + oral antibiotics | DF: 11 urethrocutaneous fistula, 4 meatal stenosis, 6 skin necrosis, 2 glans dehiscence TVF: 1 urethrocutaneous fistula, 1 glans dehiscence, 4 meatal stenosis | NA |
Basavaraju 2017 [15] | Retro | Distal, midshaft and proximal | 83 | 3.44 (1.6–12) | 6–36 | Intravenous + oral antibiotics | DF: 11 urethrocutaneous fistula, 1 meatal stenosis, 3 glans dehiscence TVF: 0 | NA |
Chatterjee 2004 [16] | Pro | Distal, midshaft and proximal | 49 | 4.6 (1–22) | 12–48(mean 24) | No | DF: 3 urethrocutaneous fistula TVF: 1 wound dehiscence | NA |
Dhua 2012 [17] | Pro | Distal, midshaft and proximal | 50 | 3.21 (1–12) | NA | Intravenous + oral antibiotics | DF: 3 urethrocutaneous fistula, 3 skin necrosis TVF: 1 wound dehiscence | NA |
Gajbhiye 2018 [18] | Pro | Distal and midshaft | 48 | 1.75 (1.5–4.33) | 6–18 | Intravenous + oral antibiotics | DF: 3 urethrocutaneous fistula, 3 skin necrosis TVF: 1 wound dehiscence | NA |
Kurbet 2018 [19] | Pro | Distal, midshaft and proximal | 40 | 4.85 (0.75–18) |  > 6 | No | DF: 2 urethrocutaneous fistula, 2 meatal stenosis, 1 urethral stricture TVF: 2 meatal stenosis, 1 urethral stricture, 1 mild testis torsion | NA |