Fig. 1

Overview of patient case study. a Serum PSA concentration over 10 year course of disease with ultrasound-guided sextant core biopsy results (inset). Numbers indicate dominant Gleason grade in each core with length of tumour involvement indicated in millimetres. Primary disease and relapsed castration resistant disease periods indicated with histopathological classification indicated. b Types of duration of treatments performed. HDRBT: high dose-rate brachytherapy, EBRT: external beam radiation therapy, TURP: transurethral resection of prostate. PNI: Perineural invasion. GGG: Gleason Grade Group, PZ: peripheral zone, TZ: transition zone