Table 2 Summarised statistical results for antibody staining in BC
Antibody | Overall staining pattern in patients’ Bladder tumours (Chi square) | Association between antibody expression and cancer grade (Kruskal–Wallis test) | Association between antibody expression and cancer stage (Kruskal–Wallis test) | Association between antibody expression and cancer recurrence (Mann–Whitney test) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
CD31 | Increased expression in vascular cells (p < 0.001) | Not significant (p = 0.257) | Significant (p = 0.002) | Not significant (p = 0.69) |
Thrombomodulin | Reduced/loss of expression (p < 0.010) | Not significant (p = 0.827) | Not significant (p = 0.039) | Not significant (p = 0.89) |
HER-2 | Increased expression (p < 0.032) | Significant (p = 0.003) | Significant (p < 0.001) | Not significant (p = 0.91) |
S100P | Increased expression (p < 0.001) | Not significant (p = 0.902) | Not significant (p = 0.344) | Not significant (p = 0.23) |
CEACAM-1 | Reduced/loss of expression (p < 0.001) | Not significant (p = 0.045) | Significant (p = 0.005) | Not significant (p = 0.65) |
COX-2 | Increased expression (p < 0.001) | Not significant (p = 0.619) | Not significant (p = 0.439) | Not significant (p = 0.98) |
VEGFR-3 | Increased expression (p < 0.001) | Not significant (p = 0.123) | Not significant (p = 0.231) | Not significant (p = 0.38) |