Splenogonadal fusion: a case report and review of the literature

BMC Urology

Table 1 Summary of characteristics and treatments of splenogonadal fusion (SGF) cases

	Number (N = 41)
Age at diagnosis (years), n (%)
0–9	20 (48.78%)
10–19	6 (14.63%)
20–29	5 (12.20%)
30–39	6 (14.63%)
40–49	1 (2.44%)
50–59	2 (4.88%)
60–69	0 (0%)
70–79	1 (2.44%)
Gender, n (%)
Male	40 (97.56%)
Phenotypical female (phenotypical sex reversal)	1 (2.44%)
Side, n (%)
Left	41 (100%)
Right	0 (0%)
Classification, n (%)
Continuous	19 (46.34%)
Discontinuous	22 (53.65%)
Clinical presentation
Painful or painless inguinal / scrotal /testicular swelling/mass	28 (68.29%)
Cryptorchidism	11 (26.83%)^a
Primary infertility	2 (4.88%) ^a
A hypoplastic left heart and phenotypical sex reversal	1 (2.44%)
Congenital anomalies associated with SGF, n (%)
Cryptorchidism	12 (29.27%)^b,c,d
Inguinal hernia	5 (12.20%)
Limb and /or facial defects	2 (4.88%)^c
Male infertility and/or azoospermia	2 (4.88%)^b
Hypospadias	2 (4.88%)^d
Left hip dysplasia	1 (2.44%)^c
A hypoplastic left heart and phenotypical sex reversal	1 (2.44%)
None	21 (51.22%)
Testis/ovary-sparing, n (%)
Yes	24 (58.54%)
No	14 (34.15%)
Unknown	3 (7.32%)

^aOne patient had both primary infertility and left sided cryptorchidism
^bOne patient had bilateral cryptorchidism, non-obstructive azoospermia and male infertility
^cOne patient had cryptorchidism, facial and limb deformities—short right femur, hip dysplasia and a syndromic face (Splenogonadal fusion-limb deformity syndrome)
^dBoth patients had cryptorchidism and hypospadias

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