Analgesic efficacy of intrathecal morphine and bupivacaine during the early postoperative period in patients who underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy: a prospective randomized controlled study

Table 1 Comparison of preoperative findings between the patients who did or did not receive intrathecal morphine and bupivacaine (ITMB)

Group	No ITMB	ITMB	p
n	25	25	p
Age (years)	65.0 (61.5–68.0)	64.0 (62.0–71.5)	0.853
Height (cm)	170.0 (166.3–172.0)	169.0 (164.1–172.5)	0.69
Weight (kg)	68.0 (61.5–78.0)	67.0 (62.5–75.5)	0.593
Body mass index (kg/m²)	23.9 (22.7–27.2)	24.1 (22.2–26.5)	0.438
Comorbidity
Hypertension	7 (28.0%)	12 (48.0%)	0.145
Diabetes mellitus	7 (28.0%)	5 (20.0%)	0.508
History of abdominal surgery	6 (24.0%)	5 (20.0%)	0.733
Prostate cancer stage			0.482
Stage I	4 (16.0%)	7 (28.0%)
Stage II	18 (72.0%)	14 (56.0%)
Stage III	3 (12.0%)	4 (16.0%)
Laboratory variables
Prostate-specific antigen (ng/mL)	7.0 (4.5–12.4)	7.4 (5.1–10.5)	0.954
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	14.4 (14.0–15.0)	14.5 (13.4–15.3)	0.727
White blood cell count (× 10⁹/L)	5.5 (4.7–7.1)	6.9 (5.2–7.8)	0.162
Neutrophils (%)	54.9 (50.7–58.1)	54.8 (51.4–55.0)	0.362
Lymphocytes (%)	33.6 (30.3–36.2)	34.0 (33.5–38.8)	0.299
Platelet count (× 10⁹/L)	188.0 (162.5–219.0)	202.0 (170.5–233.5)	0.26

Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, medians with interquartile ranges in parentheses, or numbers with percentages in parentheses

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