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Table 1 Selected potential chemolysis agents and concentrations

From: Do organic substances act as a degradable binding matrix in calcium oxalate kidney stones?

Type of chemolysis agent

Agent* (Supplier)

Concentration (Purity %)

Organic solvents

Toluene (Bio Lab, Israel)

Neat (99.7%)

Ethanol (J.T. Baker, Holland)

Neat (99.5%)

Acetone (Bio Lab, Israel)

Neat (99.8%)

Acetonitrile (Bio Lab, Israel)

Neat (99.97%)

Dimethylformamide, DMF (Merck)

Neat (99.8%)

Tetrahydrofuran, THF (Sigma-Aldrich)

Neat (99.9%)

Dimethylsulfoxide (Sigma-Aldrich)

Neat (99.5%)

Degradation of organic “cement” (binding agents)

H2O2 (Bio Lab, Israel)

8.8 M (30%)

Copper nanoparticles + H2O2 (synthesized26, in house)

0.24 mM CuNP + 1.5% H2O2 (30%)

Fenton: pH 2–4, Fe2+, H2O2 (synthesized27, in house)

1 mM Fe, 11 mM H2O2 (30%)

Macerozyme R-10 plant digestion enzyme (Sigma-Aldrich)

20–40 enzyme units

Drain cleaner (commercial, enzyme-based; HG, Israel)

As received

Barbecue grill cleaner (commercial, enzyme-based; HG, Israel)

As received

Chelating agents and other agents

Potassium citrate, K3C6H5O7 · H2O (Sigma, USA)

16 mM (98%)

EDTA (Sigma, USA)

0.1 M, 1 M, 2.5 M (99%)

SDS (Ridel-de-Haen, Germany)

0.1 mM (90%)

Triton X (Sigma, USA)

0.15 mM (> 99%)

NH4OH (Merck, Germany)

Concentrated 16.7 M (25%)

Organic acids

Citric acid (Sigma-Aldrich)

0.1 M (99%)

Ascorbic acid, vitamin C (Sigma, USA)

0.1 M (> 99%)

Nicotinic acid (Sigma-Aldrich)

0.1 M (> 98%)

Lactic acid (Sigma-Aldrich)

0.1 M (> 85%)

Oxalic acid (Sigma-Aldrich)

0.3 M (> 85%)

Acetic acid (Bio Lab, Israel)

0.1 M, concentrated 16.7 M (99.8%)

Apple (cider) vinegar (commercial, food store)

5%

Formic acid (J.T. Baker, Holland)

0.1 M, concentrated 21.7 M (98%)

  1. *All agents were as received from manufacturers without further purification or modification