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Table 2 Percentage of biopsies that would be spared or delayed using machine-learning and logistic regression models at given sensitivity for detection of CSPCa in the validation cohorts

From: Development and head-to-head comparison of machine-learning models to identify patients requiring prostate biopsy

Models Sensitivity for detection of CSPCa Cut-off for predicted risk (%) Biopsies sSpared † (n = 208), n (%) Unnecessary biopsy avoided Biopsy delayed
GS < 3 + 3 (n = 131), n (%) GS = 3 + 3 (n = 12), n (%) GS = 3 + 4 (n = 11), n (%) GS = 4 + 3 (n = 18), n (%) GS ≥ 4 + 4 (n = 36), n (%)
Biopsies spared or delayed using PCa models at given sensitivity for detection of CSPCa
ANN 64/65 (98%) 9 34 (16) 32 (24) 1 (8) 0 (0) 1 (6) 0 (0)
SVM 64/65 (98%) 11 57 (24) 55 (42) 1 (8) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (3)
CART 64/65 (98%) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
RF 64/65 (98%) 7 61 (29) 57 (44) 3 (25) 1 (9) 0 (0) 0 (0)
LR 64/65 (98%) 7 30 (14) 27 (21) 2 (17) 1 (9) 0 (0) 0 (0)
ANN 62/65 (95%) 11 56 (25) 51 (39) 2 (17) 1 (9) 1 (6) 1 (3)
SVM 62/65 (95%) 14 77 (37) 71 (54) 3 (25) 1 (9) 1 (6) 1 (3)
CART 62/65 (95%) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
RF 62/65 (95%) 11 79 (38) 73 (56) 3 (25) 1 (9) 2 (11) 0 (0)
LR 62/65 (95%) 10 53 (25) 47 (36) 3 (25) 1 (9) 1 (6) 1 (3)
ANN 59/65 (91%) 27 109 (52) 99 (76) 4 (33) 3 (27) 1 (6) 2 (6)
SVM 59/65 (91%) 23 110 (53) 100 (76) 4 (33) 4 (36) 1 (6) 1 (3)
CART 57/65 (88%) 10 104 (50) 90 (69) 6 (50) 4 (36) 1 (6) 3 (8)
RF 59/65 (91%) 20 101 (49) 91 (69) 4 (33) 4 (36) 2 (11) 0 (0)
LR 59/65 (91%) 24 107 (51) 97 (74) 4 (33) 4 (36) 1 (6) 1 (3)
Biopsies spared or delayed using CSPCa models at given sensitivity for detection of CSPCa
ANN 64/65 (98%) 7 60 (29) 58 (44) 1 (8) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (3)
SVM 64/65 (98%) 9 69 (33) 65 (50) 3 (25) 0 (0) 0 (0) 1 (3)
CART 64/65 (98%) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
RF 64/65 (98%) 7 79 (38) 75 (57) 3 (25) 1 (9) 0 (0) 0 (0)
LR 64/65 (98%) 6 61 (29) 57 (44) 3 (25) 0 (0) 1 (6) 0 (0)
ANN 62/65 (95%) 8 79 (38) 75 (57) 1 (8) 1 (9) 1 (6) 1 (3)
SVM 62/65 (95%) 10 82 (39) 76 (58) 3 (25) 1 (9) 1 (6) 1 (3)
CART 62/65 (95%) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
RF 62/65 (95%) 8 84 (40) 78 (60) 3 (25) 1 (9) 2 (11) 0 (0)
LR 62/65 (95%) 7 70 (34) 64 (49) 3 (25) 1 (9) 1 (6) 1 (3)
ANN 59/65 (91%) 9 96 (46) 86 (66) 4 (33) 4 (36) 1 (6) 1 (3)
SVM 59/65 (91%) 18 124 (60) 112 (85) 6 (50) 4 (36) 1 (6) 1 (3)
CART 58/65 (89%) 10 109 (52) 97 (74) 5 (42) 4 (36) 1 (6) 2 (6)
RF 59/65 (91%) 13 102 (49) 92 (70) 4 (33) 3 (27) 3 (17) 0 (0)
LR 59/65 (91%) 14 105 (50) 32 (24) 4 (33) 3 (27) 1 (6) 2 (6)
  1. PCa prostate cancer, CSPCa clinically significant prostate cancer, GS Gleason score, ANN artificial neural network, SVM support vector machine, CART classification and regression tree, RF random forest, LR logistic regression, NA not applicable
  2. †Number of biopsies spared = number of unnecessary biopsy avoided + number of biopsy delayed
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BMC Urology

ISSN: 1471-2490

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