Table 1 Demographic characteristic of study population
From: Prevalence of nocturia among community-dwelling adults: a population-based study in Malaysia
Variable | Overall (n, %) | Mode of questionnaire | p value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Online (n, %) | Face-to-Face (n, %) | |||
Total respondents | 4616 (100) | 4004 (86.7) | 612 (13.3) | Â |
Mean age (years ± SD) | 38.4 ± 14.58 | 38.0 ± 14.08 | 40.9 ± 17.31 | 0.025φ |
 18–30 | 1794 (38.9) | 1573 (39.2) | 221 (36.2) |  |
 31–40 | 889 (19.3) | 835 (20.9) | 54 (8.8) |  |
 41–50 | 760 (16.5) | 692 (17.3) | 68 (11.1) |  |
 51–60 | 865 (18.7) | 664 (16.6) | 201 (32.9) |  |
 > 60 | 307 (6.7) | 240 (6.0) | 67 (11.0) |  |
Sex | ||||
 Male | 1982 (42.9) | 1646 (41.1) | 336 (54.9) |  < 0.001# |
 Female | 2634 (57.1) | 2358 (58.9) | 276 (45.1) |  |
Race | ||||
 Malay | 1796 (38.9) | 1222 (30.5) | 574 (94.1) |  < 0.001# |
 Chinese | 2126 (46.1) | 2115 (52.8) | 11 (1.8) |  |
 Indian | 595 (12.9) | 574 (14.4) | 21 (3.4) |  |
 Others | 96 (2.1) | 92 (2.3) | 4 (0.7) |  |
Employment status | ||||
 Student | 920 (19.9) | 724 (18.1) | 196 (32.0) |  < 0.001# |
 Employed for wages | 2659 (57.4) | 2370 (59.2) | 280 (45.8) |  |
 Self-employed | 394 (8.5) | 319 (8.0) | 75 (12.2) |  |
 Unemployed | 652 (14.1) | 591 (14.7) | 61 (10.0) |  |
Comorbidities | ||||
 Hypertension | 638 (13.8) | 502 (12.5) | 136 (22.2) |  < 0.001# |
 Diabetes mellitus | 524 (11.4) | 402 (10.0) | 122 (19.9) |  < 0.001# |
 Renal disease | 90 (1.9) | 39 (1.0) | 51 (8.3) |  < 0.001# |
 Heart failure | 22 (0.5) | 16 (0.4) | 6 (1.0) | 0.052# |
 Enlarged prostate | 61 (1.3) | 59 (1.5) | 2 (0.3) | 0.021# |
 Overactive bladder | 141 (3.1) | 121 (3.0) | 20 (3.3) | 0.742# |
 Prostate cancer | 9 (0.2) | 8 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 1.000ϕ |
 Bladder cancer | 6 (0.1) | 6 (0.1) | 0 (0) | 1.000ϕ |
 Snoring | 781 (16.9) | 714 (91.4) | 67 (11) |  < 0.001# |
Prevalence of Nocturia | 2646 (57.3) | 2166 (54.1) | 480 (78.4) |  < 0.001# |