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Table 1 Patient demographic, preoperative clinical characteristics and renal stone characteristics

From: No staghorn calculi and none/mild hydronephrosis may be risk factors for severe bleeding complications after percutaneous nephrolithotomy

No. pts (%)

Major bleeding complication

Mild bleeding complication

Severe bleeding complication

p

 

70

22

48

 

Sex (%)

    

Male

51 (72.9)

14 (63.6)

37 (77.1)

0.240

Female

19 (27.1)

8 (36.4)

11 (22.9)

 

Age (years, mean ± SD)

57.5 (13.7)

59.3 (13.6)

56.7 (13.8)

0.471

BMI (kg/m2, mean ± SD)

22.6 (3.1)

21.8 (3.1)

23.0 (3.0)

0.139

Preop creatinine (μmol/L, IQR)

81.5 (67.8–127.5)

83.0 (70.5–163.8)

80.5 (67.0–124.0)

0.494

History of anticoagulation (%)

3 (4.3)

2 (9.1)

1 (2.1)

0.231

Preop clinical (%)

    

Pain

44 (62.9)

12 (54.5)

32 (66.7)

0.330

Hematuria

5 (7.1)

1 (4.5)

4 (8.3)

1.000

UTIs

65 (92.9)

20 (90.9)

45 (93.8)

0.646

Preop. comborbidities (%)

    

Hypertension

30 (42.9)

12 (54.5)

18 (37.5)

0.181

Diabetes mellitus

11 (15.7)

4 (19.0)

7 (14.6)

0.725

Ischemic heart disease

14 (20.0)

6 (27.3)

8 (16.7)

0.344

Chronic lung disease

6 (8.6)

2 (9.1)

4 (8.3)

1.000

Chronic kidney disease

23 (32.9)

7 (31.8)

16 (33.3)

0.900

At least 1

48 (68.6)

18 (81.8)

30 (62.5)

0.106

Open surgery history (%)

11 (15.7)

6 (27.3)

5 (10.4)

0.088

History of PCNL (%)

11 (15.7)

5 (22.7)

6 (12.5)

0.303

Calculi side (%)

    

Lt

40 (57.1)

11 (50.0)

29 (60.4)

0.414

Rt

30 (42.9)

11 (50.0)

19 (39.6)

 

Stone count (%)

    

Single

20 (28.6)

7 (31.8)

13 (27.1)

0.684

Multiple

50 (71.4)

15 (68.2)

35 (72.9)

 

Stone type (%)

    

Staghorna

35 (50.0)

16 (72.7)

19 (39.6)

0.010

Others

35 (50.0)

6 (27.3)

29 (60.4)

 

peak Hounsfield unit (Hu, IQR)

1095.0 (735.0–1406.0)

1282.0 (723.5–1506.3)

1086.0 (710.0–1334.0)

0.425

Hydronephrosis (%)

    

None or mild

50 (71.4)

12 (54.5)

38 (79.2)

0.034

Moderate or severe

20 (28.6)

10 (45.5)

10 (20.8)

 
  1. UTIs urinary tract infections, BMI body mass index, IQR interquartile range
  2. aAny branched stone occupying more than one portion of the collecting system