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Table 6 Imaging findings associated with GUTB

From: Serologic and urinary characteristics of laboratory-confirmed genitourinary tuberculosis at a tertiary hospital in the Philippines

Intravenous pyelography

Unilateral renal parenchymal disease

Non-functioning kidney

Calcification of the urinary tract: medullary nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, ureterolithiasis, cystolithiasis

Bladder wall thickening

CT scan

Hypodense renal foci with or without internal septations or peripheral calcifications

Renal cysts, Bosniak I and II

Renal mass

Calcification of the urinary tract: nephrolithiasis, ureteropelvic junction lithiases

Urinary tract dilatation: hydronephrosis, ureteropelvocaliectasia with possible distal ureteral stricture

Ureteral wall thickening

Bladder wall thickening

Vesicocutaneous fistulous tract

Evidence of extra-renal TB infection:

 Pulmonary tuberculosis with or without endobrochial spread

 Distal ileal and ileocecal wall thickening with multiple abscess formation (intraabdominal, pelvic, and prostatic regions) and lymphadenopathies

 Multilevel vertebral lesions with disc destruction (Pott’s disease) with abscess formation involving adjacent muscles (psoas, iliopsoas and gluteus maximus)

Ultrasound

Unilateral or bilateral renal parenchymal disease with or without signs of chronicity

Echogenic renal walls with or without internal echoes suggestive of pyelitis or pyelonephritis

Pyonephrosis

Renal cysts or mass

Calcification of the urinary tract: nephrocalcinosis, nonspecific parenchymal/perinephric/periureteral calcifications, nephrolithiasis, urolithiases,

Urinary tract dilatation: hydronephrosis, focal caliectasia, pelvocaliectasia, ureteropelvocaliectasia

Irregular, diffuse, or heterogeneous bladder wall thickening

Bladder wall foci or mass

Evidence of abdominopelvic Koch’s infection: tobacco pouch appearance of fallopian tube, thickening of uterine serosa and peritoneum, palisading bowel loops, and massive ascites