Intravenous pyelography |
Unilateral renal parenchymal disease Non-functioning kidney Calcification of the urinary tract: medullary nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, ureterolithiasis, cystolithiasis Bladder wall thickening |
CT scan |
Hypodense renal foci with or without internal septations or peripheral calcifications Renal cysts, Bosniak I and II Renal mass Calcification of the urinary tract: nephrolithiasis, ureteropelvic junction lithiases Urinary tract dilatation: hydronephrosis, ureteropelvocaliectasia with possible distal ureteral stricture Ureteral wall thickening Bladder wall thickening Vesicocutaneous fistulous tract Evidence of extra-renal TB infection:  Pulmonary tuberculosis with or without endobrochial spread  Distal ileal and ileocecal wall thickening with multiple abscess formation (intraabdominal, pelvic, and prostatic regions) and lymphadenopathies  Multilevel vertebral lesions with disc destruction (Pott’s disease) with abscess formation involving adjacent muscles (psoas, iliopsoas and gluteus maximus) |
Ultrasound |
Unilateral or bilateral renal parenchymal disease with or without signs of chronicity Echogenic renal walls with or without internal echoes suggestive of pyelitis or pyelonephritis Pyonephrosis Renal cysts or mass Calcification of the urinary tract: nephrocalcinosis, nonspecific parenchymal/perinephric/periureteral calcifications, nephrolithiasis, urolithiases, Urinary tract dilatation: hydronephrosis, focal caliectasia, pelvocaliectasia, ureteropelvocaliectasia Irregular, diffuse, or heterogeneous bladder wall thickening Bladder wall foci or mass Evidence of abdominopelvic Koch’s infection: tobacco pouch appearance of fallopian tube, thickening of uterine serosa and peritoneum, palisading bowel loops, and massive ascites |