Table 3 Intra-operative complications of URS
Complications | Group 1 (n = 160), n (%) | Group 2 (n = 180), n (%) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Intra-operative complications | 109 (68.1) | 52 (28.9) | < 0.05 |
Satava I (Observation) | 56 (35.0) | 20 (11.1) | < 0.05 |
Bleeding nearly no effect to URS operation | 29 (18.1) | 10 (5.6) | < 0.05 |
Mucosal tears | 6 (3.8) | 2 (1.1) | 0.107 |
Stones less than 6 mm migration Renal pelvis | 21 (13.1) | 8 (4.4) | 0.004 |
Satava II (requiring endoscopic retreatment) | 52 (32.5) | 32 (17.8) | 0.001 |
Mucosal injury (A false intramural route formation) | 3 (1.9) | 1 (0.6) | 0.269 |
Bleeding making the surgical field invisible | 12 (7.5) | 4 (2.2) | 0.020 |
Inability to reach stone requiring secondary URS | 1 (0.6) | 2 (1.1) | 0.544 |
Residual fragments larger than 6 mm | 10 (6.3) | 9 (5.0) | 0.395 |
Stones larger than 6 mm migration renal pelvis requiring flexible URS | 24 (15.0) | 15 (8.3) | 0.040 |
Ureteral perforation requiring percutaneous nephrostomy | 2 (1.3) | 1 (0.6) | 0.456 |
Satava III (requiring open surgery) | 1(0.6) | 0 | 0.471 |
Urethral stricture | 0 (0) | 0 | |
Ureteral avulsion | 0 (0) | 0 |