Table 1 Comparison of patients and stone characteristics according to the impacted stones and non-impacted stones
Variable | Development group (n = 214) | Validation group (n = 82) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Impacted (n = 82) | Non-impacted (n = 132) | Impacted (n = 32) | Non-impacted (n = 50) | ||
Gender (%) | 0.203 | ||||
Male | 49 (59.8) | 73 (55.3) | 19 (59.3) | 21 (42.0) | |
Female | 33 (40.2) | 59 (44.7) | 13 (40.6) | 29 (58.0) | |
Mean (SD) age, year | 58.85 (12.34) | 45.12 (12.78) | 57.72 (12.19) | 46.39 (12.92) | 0.655 |
Hypertension (%) | 0.267 | ||||
Yes | 29 (35.3) | 40 (30.3) | 8 (25.0) | 13 (26.0) | |
No | 53 (64.6) | 92 (69.7) | 24 (75.0) | 37 (74.0) | |
Diabetes (%) | 0.803 | ||||
Yes | 8 (9.8) | 15 (11.3) | 3 (9.4) | 5 (10.0) | |
No | 74 (90.2) | 117 (88.6) | 29 (90.6) | 45 (90.0) | |
Ipsilateral stone treatment history (%) | 0.885 | ||||
Yes | 50 (61.0) | 20 (15.2) | 18 (56.3) | 8 (16.0) | |
No | 32 (39.0) | 112 (84.8) | 14 (43.8) | 42 (84.0) | |
Stone side (%) | 0.543 | ||||
Right | 37 (45.1) | 68 (51.5) | 19 (59.4) | 18 (36.0) | |
Left | 45 (54.9) | 64 (48.5) | 13 (40.6) | 32 (64.0) | |
Stone location (%) | 0.707 | ||||
Proximal ureter | 40 (48.8) | 69 (52.3) | 14 (43.8) | 24 (48.0) | |
Middle ureter | 18 (22.0) | 21 (15.9) | 8 (25.0) | 10 (20.0) | |
Distal ureter | 24 (29.3) | 42 (31.8) | 10 (31.3) | 16 (32.0) | |
Hydronephrosis (%) | |||||
NO or mild | 4 (4.9) | 89 (67.4) | 1 (3.1) | 29 (58.0) | 0.252 |
Moderate | 41 (50.0) | 39 (29.5) | 13 (40.6) | 19 (38.0) | |
Severe | 37 (45.1) | 4 (3.0) | 18 (56.3) | 2 (4.0) | |
Mean (SD) | |||||
Maximum diameter of stone, mm | 8.67(2.28) | 7.17(2.75) | 8.52(2.54) | 7.32(2.69) | 0.872 |
Maximum cross-sectional area of the stone, mm2 | 43.83(23.65) | 31.14(23.64) | 41.53(25.12) | 32.97(25.06) | 0.619 |
Stone volume, mm3 | 386.20(296.60) | 253.04(296.29) | 373.57(292.37) | 265.13(292.71) | 0.335 |
Stone density, HU | 847.66(282.39) | 698.65(325.50) | 858.92(281.87) | 688.27(326.29) | 0.329 |
UWT max, mm | 4.15(0.94) | 2.58(0.76) | 4.08(0.82) | 2.53(0.78) | 0.913 |
Percussion tenderness over kidney region (%) | |||||
Positive | 18 (22.0) | 8 (6.1) | 12 (37.5) | 3 (6.0) | 0.356 |
Weak positive | 54 (65.9) | 75 (56.8) | 15 (46.9) | 29 (58.0) | |
Negative | 10 (12.2) | 49 (37.1) | 5 (15.6) | 18 (36.0) | |
Stone-free rate | 89.0% (73) | 97.7% (129) | 87.5% (28) | 98.0% (49) | 0.871 |