From: Risk factors of kidney stone disease: a cross-sectional study in the southeast of Iran
Characteristics | Total (n = 9932) | Kidney stone (n = 2392) | No kidney stone (n = 7540) |
---|---|---|---|
Age—years (Mean ± SD) | 49.94 ± 9.56 | 51.02 ± 9.48 | 49.59 ± 9.56 |
Age—no. (%) | |||
35–44 | 3433 (34.57) | 725 (30.31) | 2708 (35.92) |
45–54 | 3028 (30.49) | 723 (30.23) | 2305 (30.57) |
55–64 | 2745 (27.64) | 735 (30.73) | 2010 (26.66) |
≥ 65 | 726 (7.31) | 209 (8.74) | 517 (6.86) |
Gender—no. (%) | |||
Female | 5310 (53.46) | 1132 (47.32) | 4178 (55.41) |
Male | 4622 (46.54) | 1260 (52.68) | 3362 (44.59) |
Education—no. (%) | |||
Illiterate | 948 (9.55) | 245 (10.24) | 703 (9.33) |
Elementary | 2537 (25.56) | 640 (26.76) | 1897 (25.18) |
Guidance school and Diploma | 4820 (48.55) | 1102 (46.07) | 3718 (49.34) |
College | 1622 (16.34) | 405 (16.93) | 1217 (16.15) |
Physical activity (mean ± SD) | 38.79 ± 6.32 | 38.85 ± 6.30 | 38.77 ± 6.33 |
Alcohol consumption—no. (%) | |||
Yes | 1352 (13.64) | 361 (15.13) | 991 (13.17) |
No | 8599 (86.36) | 2025 (84.87) | 6534 (86.83) |
Cigarette smoking—no. (%) | |||
Yes | 2542 (25.59) | 628 (26.25) | 1914 (25.38) |
No | 7390 (74.41) | 1764 (73.75) | 5626 (74.62) |
Hookah smoking—no. (%) | |||
Yes | 1718 (17.30) | 466 (19.48) | 1252 (16.60) |
No | 8214 (82.70) | 1926 (80.52) | 6288 (83.40) |
Opium consumption—no. (%) | |||
Yes | 2378 (23.94) | 616 (25.75) | 1762 (23.37) |
No | 7554 (76.06) | 1776 (74.25) | 5778 (76.63) |
Drinking of purified water in lifetime—no. (%) | |||
Yes | 4692 (47.47) | 1005 (42.16) | 3687 (49.16) |
No | 5192 (52.53) | 1379 (57.84) | 3813 (50.84) |
Hypertension—no. (%) | |||
Yes | 2235 (22.50) | 668 (27.93) | 1567 (20.78) |
No | 7697 (77.50) | 1724 (72.07) | 5973 (79.22) |
BMI—no. (%) | |||
< 25 | 2865 (28.87) | 610 (25.51) | 2255 (29.94) |
25–29.9 | 4069 (41.01) | 1025 (42.87) | 3044 (40.41) |
≥ 30 | 2989 (30.12) | 756 (31.62) | 2233 (29.65) |
Diabetes mellitus—no. (%) | |||
Yes | 1933 (19.46) | 576 (24.08) | 1357 (18.00) |
No | 7999 (80.54) | 1816 (75.92) | 6183 (82.00) |
WSI—no. (%) | |||
Low | 2720 (27.41) | 600 (25.09) | 2120 (28.15) |
Low-middle | 2462 (24.81) | 608 (25.43) | 1854 (24.62) |
Middle-high | 2780 (28.02) | 720 (30.11) | 2060 (27.35) |
High | 1960 (19.75) | 463 (19.36) | 1497 (19.88) |