Table 2 Comparison of IPSS, QoL, serum PSA, maximum urine flow, PVR, and prostate volume between groups at different time points

Baseline IPSS

10.58 ± 5.70 (8.55–12.60)

11.08 ± 5.71 (9.23–12.93)

IPSS at 1 month

7.35 ± 4.53 (5.77–8.93)

9.33 ± 5.57 (7.53–11.14)

IPSS at 3 months

5.65 ± 4.25 (4.09–7.20)

7.46 ± 5.84 (5.51–9.41)

P-value

 < 0.001†

 < 0.001†

IPSS change from baseline to 1 month

− 3.30 ± 3.15 (− 4.42–− 2.19)

− 1.74 ± 3.02 (− 2.72–− 0.77)

IPSS change from baseline to 3 months

− 5.33 ± 3.64 (− 6.69–− 3.97)

− 3.19 ± 3.63 (− 4.40–− 1.98)

IPSS change from 1 to 3 months

− 1.84 ± 2.59 (− 2.79–− 0.89)

− 1.46 ± 3.81 (− 2.73–− 0.19)

Baseline QoL score

2.35 ± 1.41 (1.86–2.85)

2.41 ± 1.33 (1.98–2.84)

QoL score at 3 months

1.38 ± 0.99 (1.04–1.73)

1.67 ± 1.06 (1.32–2.01)

P-value

 < 0.001‡

0.001‡

QoL change

− 0.97 ± 1.03 (− 1.33–− 0.61)

− 0.74 ± 1.16 (− 1.12–− 0.37)

Baseline serum PSA (ng/ml)

2.39 ± 1.57 (1.80–2.99)

2.91 ± 2.54 (2.05–3.77)

Serum PSA at 3 months (ng/ml)

2.67 ± 2.16 (1.81–3.52)

3.05 ± 2.88 (1.83–4.26)

P-value

0.194‡

0.903‡

Serum PSA change (ng/ml)

0.48 ± 1.41 (− 0.11–1.07)

0.13 ± 1.36 (− 0.47–0.73)

Baseline prostate volume (ml)

50.93 ± 22.74 (42.87–58.99)

53.53 ± 23.53 (45.79–61.26)

Prostate volume at 3 months (ml)

55.00 ± 21.22 (46.21–63.75)

58.32 ± 23.78 (46.85–69.77)

P-value

0.569‡

0.180§

Prostate volume change (ml)

0.38 ± 11.43 (− 4.44–5.20)

3.22 ± 9.77 (− 1.63–8.08)

Baseline PVR (ml) mean ± SD

67.56 ± 71.32 (38.12–97.00)

67.03 ± 53.67 (46.62–87.45)

PVR at 3 months (ml)

56.43 ± 81.63 (19.27–93.59)

51.61 ± 33.54 (34.93–68.29)

P-value

0.723‡

0.087‡

PVR change (ml)

− 9.56 ± 94.93 (− 56.76–37.65)

− 7.67 ± 21.98 (− 19.84–4.50)

Baseline maximum urine flow (ml/sec)

12.97 ± 11.41 (8.45–17.48)

9.44 ± 4.92 (7.69–11.18)

Maximum urine flow at 3 months (ml/sec)

12.27 ± 5.62 (9.83–14.69)

11.18 ± 6.09 (8.61–13.75)

P-value

0.698‡

0.091‡

Maximum urine flow change (ml/sec)

0.11 ± 3.09 (− 1.42–1.64)

1.82 ± 4.39 (− 0.12–3.77)