Table 4 Cox proportional hazards analysis of factors associated with prostate cancer-cause specific survival in the post-USPSTF era (2014–2016)
Sample size no. (%) | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age | |||
< 55 | 11,843 (9.12) | 1 (Referent) | |
55–70 | 79,397 (61.15) | 1.235 (0.961–1.587) | 0.099 |
> 70 | 38,610 (29.73) | 1.973 (1.533–2.540) | < 0.001 |
Insurance status | |||
Insured | 102,420 (91.45) | 1 (Referent) | |
Medicaid | 8,084 (7.22) | 1.230 (1.040–1.454) | 0.015 |
Uninsured | 1,489 (1.33) | 0.946 (0.642–1.394) | 0.780 |
Race | |||
Non-Hispanic White | 84,102 (67.28) | 1 (Referent) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 20,939 (16.75) | 1.125 (0.974–1.298) | 0.108 |
Hispanic | 12,994 (10.39) | 1.006 (0.838–1.208) | 0.948 |
Non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander | 6,505 (5.20) | 0.738 (0.571–0.954) | 0.020 |
Non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaskan Native | 463 (0.37) | 1.371 (0.755–2.490) | 0.300 |
PSA, ng/mL | |||
≤ 10 | 74,416 (67.56) | 1 (Referent) | |
10 < PSA ≤ 20 | 18,022 (16.36) | 1.239 (1.010–1.519) | 0.039 |
> 20 | 17,715 (16.08) | 1.985 (1.672–2.358) | < 0.001 |
Biopsy gleason score | |||
≤ 6 | 41,749 (35.48) | 1 (Referent) | |
7 | 48,907 (41.56) | 2.328 (1.648–3.288) | < 0.001 |
≥ 8 | 27,019 (22.96) | 7.023 (5.024–9.815) | < 0.001 |
Stage | |||
Localized | 94,477 (76.71) | 1 (Referent) | |
Regional | 18,878 (15.33) | 2.497 (1.994–3.127) | < 0.001 |
Distant | 9,801 (7.96) | 11.763 (9.963–13.887) | < 0.001 |
Treatment | |||
No local therapy | 81,388 (62.68) | 1 (Referent) | |
Prostatectomy and/or radiotherapy | 48,462 (37.32) | 0.201 (0.154–0.263) | < 0.001 |