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Table 2 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses predicting CSS for patients with SBCa following RNU for non-metastatic UTUC

From: Presence of secondary bladder cancer following radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma: characteristics, risk factors, and predictive value

Variables

Univariate

Multivariate

HR

95% CI

p

HR

95% CI

p

Age in years

  

0.006

  

0.021

 < 59

1

Reference

 

1

Reference

 

 60–79

1.188

0.565–2.497

0.650

1.298

0.607–2.774

0.501

 ≥ 80

2.721

1.236–5.990

0.013

2.643

1.166–5.989

0.020

Gender

 Male

1

Reference

    

 Female

1.213

0.733–2.008

0.453

   

Race

  

0.401

   

 White

1

Reference

    

 Black

0.479

0.066–3.461

0.465

   

 Other

0.436

0.106–1.784

0.248

   

UTUC laterality

 Left

1

Reference

    

 Right

1.029

0.622–1.701

0.911

   

UTUC location

 Pelvis

1

Reference

    

 Ureter

1.362

0.820–2.263

0.233

   

UTUC stage

 pTa-1

1

Reference

    

 pT2-3

1.872

1.095–3.200

0.022

   

Histopathological UTUC grade

 Low (well and moderately differentiated)

1

Reference

    

 High (poorly differentiated and undifferentiated)

1.764

0.918–3.391

0.089

   

SBCa location

  

0.033

  

0.048

 Non-surgical Site

1

Reference

 

1

Reference

 

 Surgical site

0.376

0.168–0.840

0.017

0.539

0.238–1.221

0.539

 Multiple site (multifocal tumors)

0.590

0.343–1.018

0.058

0.505

0.287–0.889

0.018

SBCa stage

      

 pTa-1

1

Reference

 

1

Reference

 

 pT2-4

2.441

1.267–4.702

0.008

2.900

1.441–5.839

0.003

Histopathological grade of SBCa

      

 Low (well and moderately differentiated)

1

Reference

 

1

Reference

 

 High (poorly differentiated and undifferentiated)

1.984

1.141–3.449

0.015

1.991

1.130–3.508

0.017

Recurrence time, months

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

 Time ≤ 6

1

Reference

 

1

Reference

 

 6 < Time ≤ 24

0.567

0.326–0.989

0.045

0.548

0.307–0.980

0.042

 Time > 24

0.184

0.090–0.375

< 0.001

0.129

0.060–0.278

< 0.001

  1. CSS Cancer-specific survival, pT Pathological tumour, HR Hazard ratio, CI Confidence interval, SBCa Secondary bladder cancer, RNU Radical nephroureterectomy, UTUC Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma