Fig. 1

Diagnostic, therapeutic and care pathway of RCC, localized and locally advances and advanced disease. *Follow up: Low risk 6 months—abdominal ultrasonography, 12 months—Abdominal CT with contrast agent, 24 months—Abdominal ultrasonography; intermediate/high risk 6 months-Abdominal CT with contrast agent, 12 months—Abdominal CT with contrast agent, 24 months—Abdominal CT with contrast agent [18]. **Systemic therapy: first line -Sunitinib, Pazopanib, Bevacizumab + Interferon-α, Temsirolimus, Sorafenib; second line (after cytokines)—Pazopanib, Axitinib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib; second line (after VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors) – Nivolumab, Cabozantinib, Axitinib, Everolimus, Sorafenib [17]. ***Metastasis-directed therapies: metastasectomy, radiotherapy or other ablative procedures