Urological oncology

The diagnostic accuracy of urine-based tests for bladder cancer varies greatly by patient

Spectrum effects refer to the phenomenon that test performance varies across subgroups of a population. When spectrum effects occur during diagnostic testing for cancer, difficult patient misdiagnoses can occu...

Authors: Ajay Gopalakrishna, Thomas A. Longo, Joseph J. Fantony, Richmond Owusu, Wen-Chi Foo, Rajesh Dash and Brant A. Inman

Association of early PSA decline and time to PSA progression in abiraterone acetate-treated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer; a post-hoc analysis of Japanese phase 2 trials

Previous studies have demonstrated an association between prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics and predictive value for treatment outcomes. Abiraterone acetate (AA) is a newly approved cytochrome-P450C17 i...

Authors: Masahiko Nakayama, Hisanori Kobayashi, Tomihiro Takahara, Ryo Oyama, Keiichiro Imanaka and Kazutake Yoshizawa

Biochemical recurrence-free survival and pathological outcomes after radical prostatectomy for high-risk prostate cancer

We propose to improve the prognostic assessment after radical prostatectomy (RP) by dividing high-risk prostate cancer (hrPCa) (according to the d’Amico classification) into subgroups combining 1, 2 or 3 crite...

Authors: Jean-Baptiste Beauval, Mathieu Roumiguié, Thomas Filleron, Thibaut Benoit, Alexandre de la Taille, Bernard Malavaud, Laurent Salomon, Michel Soulié and Guillaume Ploussard

Intestinal metaplasia of the bladder in 89 patients: a study with emphasis on long-term outcome

Intestinal metaplasia of the bladder is an uncommon glandular proliferation. We examined a large series of intestinal metaplasia for the clinicopathological features and discuss the significance of this lesion.

Authors: Zhixiang Xin, Chenhui Zhao, Tao Huang, Zhaohui Zhang, Chenlong Chu, Caifeng Lu, Min Wu and Wenlong Zhou

Do African-American men need separate prostate cancer screening guidelines?

In 2012, the United States Preventative Services Task Force issued new guidelines recommending that male U.S. residents, irrespective of race, no longer be screened for prostate cancer. In African American men...

Authors: Divya Shenoy, Satyaseelan Packianathan, Allen M. Chen and Srinivasan Vijayakumar

Frequent mismatch-repair defects link prostate cancer to Lynch syndrome

A possible role for prostate cancer in Lynch syndrome has been debated based on observations of mismatch-repair defective tumors and reports of an increased risk of prostate cancer in mutation carriers. Potent...

Authors: Mev Dominguez-Valentin, Patrick Joost, Christina Therkildsen, Mats Jonsson, Eva Rambech and Mef Nilbert

[−2]proPSA versus ultrasensitive PSA fluctuations over time in the first year from radical prostatectomy, in an high-risk prostate cancer population: A first report

[−2]proPSA and its derivatives have an higher diagnostic accuracy than PSA in predicting prostate cancer (PCa). In alternative to PSA, ultrasensitive PSA (uPSA) and [−2]proPSA could be potentially useful in re...

Authors: S. De Luca, R. Passera, A. Sottile, C. Fiori, R. M. Scarpa and F. Porpiglia

Prognostic factors and risk stratification in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer receiving docetaxel-based chemotherapy

While novel drugs have been developed, docetaxel remains one of the standard initial systemic therapies for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients. Despite the excellent anti-tumor effect of doce...

Authors: Shimpei Yamashita, Yasuo Kohjimoto, Takashi Iguchi, Hiroyuki Koike, Hiroki Kusumoto, Akinori Iba, Kazuro Kikkawa, Yoshiki Kodama, Nagahide Matsumura and Isao Hara

Abiraterone acetate in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer – the unanticipated real-world clinical experience

There is much interest in confirming whether the efficacy of abiraterone acetate (AA) demonstrated within the trial setting is reproducible in routine clinical practice. We report the clinical outcome of metas...

Authors: Darren M. C. Poon, Kuen Chan, S. H. Lee, T. W. Chan, Henry Sze, Eric K. C. Lee, Daisy Lam and Michelle F. T. Chan

Urinary proteomics and metabolomics studies to monitor bladder health and urological diseases

Assays of molecular biomarkers in urine are non-invasive compared to other body fluids and can be easily repeated. Based on the hypothesis that the secreted markers from the diseased organs may locally release...

Authors: Zhaohui Chen and Jayoung Kim

Global expression of AMACR transcripts predicts risk for prostate cancer – a systematic comparison of AMACR protein and mRNA expression in cancerous and noncancerous prostate

The high false negative rates for initial prostate biopsies refer a large number of the men for repeat biopsies each year. Therefore, biomarkers associated with high risk of the presence of malignancy in histo...

Authors: Saeid Alinezhad, Riina-Minna Väänänen, Natalia Tong Ochoa, Emily A. Vertosick, Anders Bjartell, Peter J Boström, Pekka Taimen and Kim Pettersson

Lymphovascular invasion status at transurethral resection of bladder tumors may predict subsequent poor response of T1 tumors to bacillus Calmette-Guérin

Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is an important step in the process of tumor dissemination and metastasis outside the primary organ, but the relationship between LVI and the prognosis of T1 non-muscle invasive b...

Authors: Keishiro Fukumoto, Eiji Kikuchi, Shuji Mikami, Akira Miyajima and Mototsugu Oya

Assessment of a new point-of-care system for detection of prostate specific antigen

Measurement of the prostate specific antigen (PSA) remains an important tool in prostate cancer (PC) diagnosis. Due to limited availability of laboratory devices in an outpatient setting, compact and easy-to-h...

Authors: Steffen Rausch, Joerg Hennenlotter, Josef Wiesenreiter, Andrea Hohneder, Julian Heinkele, Christian Schwentner, Arnulf Stenzl and Tilman Todenhöfer

Effects of stimulating interleukin -2/anti- interleukin -2 antibody complexes on renal cell carcinoma

Current therapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have low cure rates or significant side effects. It has been reported that complexes composed of interleukin (IL)-2 and stimulating anti-IL-2 antibody ...

Authors: Kyu-Hyun Han, Ki Won Kim, Ji-Jing Yan, Jae-Ghi Lee, Eun Mi Lee, Miyeon Han, Eun Jin Cho, Seong Sik Kang, Hye Jin Lim, Tai Yeon Koo, Curie Ahn and Jaeseok Yang

Men under the age of 55 years with screen detected prostate cancer do not have less significant disease compared to older men in a population of patients in Australia

The American Urological Association (AUA) changed their Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) screening guidelines in 2013 to not recommend testing in men under 55 years of age without significant risk factors (such...

Authors: Nandu D. Dantanarayana, Tania Hossack, Paul Cozzi, Andrew Brooks, Howard Lau, Warick Delprado and Manish I. Patel

Clinical evaluation of prostate cancer gene 3 score in diagnosis among Chinese men with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia

Prostate cancer is the second most common diagnosed cancer in men. Due to the low specificity of current diagnosis methods for detecting prostate cancer, identification of new biomarkers is highly desirable. T...

Authors: Jin Huang, Kathleen H. Reilly, Hui-Zhen Zhang and Hai-Bo Wang

Virus encoded circulatory miRNAs for early detection of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and kills about 28,000 American men annually. Although progress has been made in understanding the molecular features of different forms of the disea...

Authors: Jayoung Kim, Seok Joong Yun and Wun-Jae Kim

Evaluation of a rapid quantitative determination method of PSA concentration with gold immunochromatographic strips

Prostate cancer remains the most common cancer in men. Qualitative or semi-quantitative immunochromatographic measurements of prostate specific antigen (PSA) have been shown to be simple, noninvasive and feasi...

Authors: Cheng-Ching Wu, Hung-Yu Lin, Chao-Ping Wang, Li-Fen Lu, Teng-Hung Yu, Wei-Chin Hung, Jer-Yiing Houng, Fu-Mei Chung, Yau-Jiunn Lee and Jin-Jia Hu

Sensitivity of initial biopsy or transurethral resection of bladder tumor(s) for detecting histological variants on radical cystectomy

To investigate the efficacy of initial biopsy or transurethral resection of bladder tumor for detecting histological variants on radical cystectomy and to assess the prognostic significance of variant histolog...

Authors: Peng Ge, Zi-Cheng Wang, Xi Yu, Jian Lin and Qun He

Evaluating the safety of intraoperative instillation of intravesical chemotherapy at the time of nephroureterectomy

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a common cancer affecting many patients in the United States. Nephroureterectomy remains the gold standard for the treatment of high grade upper tract disease or low grade tumors t...

Authors: Michael A. Moriarty, Matthew A. Uhlman, Megan T. Bing, Michael A. O’Donnell, James A. Brown, Chad R. Tracy, Sundeep Deorah, Kenneth G. Nepple and Amit Gupta

IgG4-related kidney disease from the renal pelvis that mimicked urothelial carcinoma: a case report

IgG4-related kidney disease is a comprehensive term for renal lesions associated with IgG4-related disease, which mainly manifests as plasma cell-rich tubulointerstitial nephritis with increased IgG4+ plasma c...

Authors: Hui Zhang, Xinyu Ren, Wen Zhang, Di Yang and Ruie Feng

Survival and prognostic factors for adrenocortical carcinoma: a single institution experience

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is aggressive, but rare tumours that have not been sufficiently studied. The aim of our study was to present the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with ACC, to...

Authors: Zlatibor Loncar, Vladimir Djukic, Vladan Zivaljevic, Tatjana Pekmezovic, Aleksandar Diklic, Svetislav Tatic, Dusko Dundjerovic, Branislav Olujic, Nikola Slijepcevic and Ivan Paunovic

miR-221 facilitates the TGFbeta1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human bladder cancer cells by targeting STMN1

Distant metastasis is the major cause of cancer-related death, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has a critical role in this process. Accumulating evidence indicates that EMT can be regulated by m...

Authors: Jun Liu, Jian Cao and Xiaokun Zhao

Feasibly of axitinib as first-line therapy for advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a single-institution experience in Japan

Clinical benefit of axitinib as a first line agent to treat patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), or locally advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have not been clearly demonstrated. The aim of t...

Authors: Takuya Koie, Chikara Ohyama, Takahiro Yoneyama, Hayato Yamamoto, Atsushi Imai, Shingo Hatakeyama, Yasuhiro Hashimoto, Tohru Yoneyama, Yuki Tobisawa and Kazuyuki Mori

The ProCaSP study: quality of life outcomes of prostate cancer patients after radiotherapy or radical prostatectomy in a cohort study

This study describes and compares health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of prostate cancer patients who received either radical prostatectomy (nerve-sparing, nsRP, or non-nerve-sparing, nnsRP) or radiotherapy...

Authors: Nora Eisemann, Sandra Nolte, Maike Schnoor, Alexander Katalinic, Volker Rohde and Annika Waldmann

Risk factors for biochemical recurrence after robotic assisted radical prostatectomy: a single surgeon experience

Radical prostatectomy is a standard surgical treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer. Margin status has been found to be an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after open radical pr...

Authors: Ryuta Tanimoto, Yomi Fashola, Kymora B Scotland, Anne E Calvaresi, Leonard G Gomella, Edouard J Trabulsi and Costas D Lallas

Prospective evaluation of plasma levels of ANGPT2, TuM2PK, and VEGF in patients with renal cell carcinoma

To assess pathological correlations and temporal trends of Angiopoietin-2 (ANGPT2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and M2 Pyruvate kinase (TuM2PK), markers of tumor vascular development and metaboli...

Authors: Bishoy A Gayed, Jessica Gillen, Alana Christie, Samuel Peña-Llopis, Xian-Jin Xie, Jingsheng Yan, Jose A Karam, Ganesh Raj, Arthur I Sagalowsky, Yair Lotan, Vitaly Margulis and James Brugarolas

A segregation index combining phenotypic (clinical characteristics) and genotypic (gene expression) biomarkers from a urine sample to triage out patients presenting with hematuria who have a low probability of urothelial carcinoma

Hematuria can be symptomatic of urothelial carcinoma (UC) and ruling out patients with benign causes during primary evaluation is challenging. Patients with hematuria undergoing urological work-ups place signi...

Authors: Laimonis Kavalieris, Paul J O’Sullivan, James M Suttie, Brent K Pownall, Peter J Gilling, Christophe Chemasle and David G Darling

Factor V Leiden mutation triggering four major complications to standard dose cisplatin-chemotherapy for testicular seminoma: a case report

Major life-threatening complications secondary to cisplatin-based chemotherapy are rare in patients with testicular germ cell tumour (GCT). The incidence of complications increases with dosage of chemotherapy ...

Authors: Klaus-Peter Dieckmann, Petra Anheuser, Ralf Gehrckens, Sven Philip Aries, Raphael Ikogho and Wiebke Hollburg

Penile metastasis of sigmoid colon carcinoma: a rare case report

Metastasis to penis usually arises from genitourinary organs, but in rare cases, metastasis comes from the sigmoid colon. Furthermore, very few cases of penile metastasis of primary sigmoid colon carcinoma hav...

Authors: Zhengbang Dong, Chao Qin, Qijie Zhang, Lei Zhang, Haijing Yang, Jingdong Zhang and Fei Wang

Testicular prostheses in patients with testicular cancer - acceptance rate and patient satisfaction

The loss of a testicle to cancer involves much emotional impact to young males. Little is known about the number of patients with testicular germ cell tumour (GCT) who would accept a testicular prosthesis. Als...

Authors: Klaus-Peter Dieckmann, Petra Anheuser, Stefan Schmidt, Benjamin Soyka-Hundt, Uwe Pichlmeier, Philipp Schriefer, Cord Matthies, Michael Hartmann and Christian G Ruf

Controversies in the treatment of invasive urothelial carcinoma: a case report and review of the literature

More than 429,000 patients worldwide are diagnosed with bladder cancer each year and muscle-invasive bladder cancer has an especially poor outcome. The median age at diagnosis is over 70 years, and many patien...

Authors: Vicente Guillem, Miguel Angel Climent, Javier Cassinello, Emilio Esteban, Daniel Castellano, José Luis González-Larriba, Pablo Maroto and Carlos Camps

Prevalence of human papillomavirus in penile malignant tumors: viral genotyping and clinical aspects

The human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence in males has been reported to be between 3.6% and 84%, depending specially on the socioeconomic status. HPV infection has been related as a risk factor for penile canc...

Authors: Isaura Danielli Borges de Sousa, Flávia Castello Branco Vidal, João Paulo Castello Branco Vidal, George Castro Figueira de Mello, Maria do Desterro Soares Brandão Nascimento and Luciane Maria Oliveira Brito

Erratum to: The impact of tumour size on the probability of synchronous metastasis and survival in renal cell carcinoma patients: a population-based study

Authors: Johann P Ingimarsson, Martin I Sigurdsson, Sverrir Hardarson, Vigdis Petursdottir, Eirikur Jonsson, Gudmundur V Einarsson and Tomas Gudbjartsson

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for primary adenocarcinomas of the urinary bladder: a single-site experience

Adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder is a rare malignancy. Radical surgery is suggested as the best available treatment for early-stage disease, but there is currently no consensus on standard chemotherapy re...

Authors: Bin Yu, Jin Zhou, Hongzhou Cai, Ting Xu, Zicheng Xu, Qing Zou and Min Gu

Low enhancing papillary renal cell carcinoma diagnosed by using dual energy computerized tomography: a case report and review of literature

Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is a mixed group of tumors that constitutes about 15-20% of all renal cortical cancers. Strong enhancement on computerized tomography (CT) is a feature of clear cell, but ...

Authors: Shaheen Alanee, Danuta I Dynda, Patrick Hemmer and Bradley Schwartz

Evaluation of national trends in the utilization of partial nephrectomy in relation to the publication of the American Urologic Association guidelines for the management of clinical T1 renal masses

Partial nephrectomy has been underutilized in the United States. We investigated national trends in partial nephrectomy (PN) utilization before and after publication of the American Urological Association (AUA...

Authors: Michael A Liss, Song Wang, Kerrin Palazzi, Ramzi Jabaji, Nishant Patel, Hak J Lee, J Kellogg Parsons and Ithaar H Derweesh

Prognostic value of preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios, and multiphasic renal tomography findings in histological subtypes of renal cell carcinoma

To determine the relationship between renal cell carcinoma subtypes and the associated mortality and biochemical parameters. An additional aim was to analyze multiphasic multidetector computed tomography findi...

Authors: Suat Keskin, Zeynep Keskin, Hakan Hakki Taskapu, Havva Kalkan, Mehmet Kaynar, Necdet Poyraz and Hatice Toy

Malignant acanthosis nigricans associated with prostate cancer: a case report

Acanthosis nigricans is characterized by hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis of the skin or mucous membranes. Its malignant form is associated with internal neoplasms, especially gastric adenocarcinoma (55–61...

Authors: Joanna Kubicka-Wołkowska, Sylwia Dębska-Szmich, Maja Lisik-Habib, Marcin Noweta and Piotr Potemski

Cystic renal cell carcinoma: a report of 67 cases including 4 cases with concurrent renal cell carcinoma

Cystic renal cell carcinoma (CRCC) is relatively rare; CRCC is frequently misdiagnosed as a benign renal cyst. CRCC carries an excellent prognosis following surgical treatment. The aim of our study was to summ...

Authors: Shanwen Chen, Baiye Jin, Liqi Xu, Guanghou Fu, Hongzhou Meng, Ben Liu, Jun Li and Dan Xia

Ultra-early versus early salvage androgen deprivation therapy for post-prostatectomy biochemical recurrence in pT2-4N0M0 prostate cancer

The optimal timing of salvage androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy is controversial. We compared the outcomes of ultra-early versus early salvage ADT.

Authors: Satoru Taguchi, Hiroshi Fukuhara, Takeshi Azuma, Motofumi Suzuki, Tetsuya Fujimura, Tohru Nakagawa, Akira Ishikawa, Haruki Kume, Yasuhiko Igawa and Yukio Homma

The use of early postoperative prostate-specific antigen to stratify risk in patients with positive surgical margins after radical prostatectomy

It is well recognized that the presence of positive surgical margins (PSM) after radical prostatectomy (RP) adversely affects cancer specific outcomes and recent evidence from randomized trials supports the us...

Authors: Stepan Vesely, Ladislav Jarolim, Katerina Duskova, Marek Schmidt, Pavel Dusek and Marko Babjuk

Percutaneous cryoablation for tuberous sclerosis-associated renal angiomyolipoma with neoadjuvant mTOR inhibition

Renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs) are frequent in tuberous sclerosis and are responsible for a significant proportion of the morbidity in adulthood, mainly from bleeding complications, which are correlated to the s...

Authors: Thierry Krummel, Julien Garnon, Hervé Lang, Afshin Gangi and Thierry Hannedouche

Preoperative lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio predicts clinical outcome in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a retrospective analysis

Inflammation is a critical component of tumorigenesis, and many cancers arise from sites of infection, chronic irritation, and inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines triggered by tumors alter hematologic compone...

Authors: Sally Temraz, Deborah Mukherji, Zein Al Abideen Farhat, Rami Nasr, Maya Charafeddine, Mohammed Shahait, Mohammad Rachad Wehbe, Rami Abou Ghaida, Ibrahim Abu Gheida and Ali Shamseddine

Renal cell carcinoma with intramyocardial metastases

Cardiac metastases from renal cell carcinoma without vena caval involvement are extremely rare with a limited number of cases reported in the worldwide literature until now. Nevertheless, this rare location of...

Authors: Anna M Czarnecka, Pawel Sobczuk, Fei Lian and Cezary Szczylik

The impact of tumour size on the probability of synchronous metastasis and survival in renal cell carcinoma patients: a population-based study

The observed low metastatic potential and favorable survival of small incidentally detected renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) have been a part of the rationale for recommending partial nephrectomy as a first treatm...

Authors: Johann P Ingimarsson, Martin I Sigurdsson, Sverrir Hardarson, Vigdis Petursdottir, Eirikur Jonsson, Gudmundur V Einarsson and Tomas Gudbjartsson

Panobinostat synergizes with bortezomib to induce endoplasmic reticulum stress and ubiquitinated protein accumulation in renal cancer cells

Inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a novel strategy used to treat malignancies. Inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 6 by the HDAC inhibitor panobinostat hinders the refolding of unfolded protei...

Authors: Akinori Sato, Takako Asano, Makoto Isono, Keiichi Ito and Tomohiko Asano

Could Hyaluronic acid (HA) reduce Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) local side effects? Results of a pilot study

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is considered the most effective treatment to reduce recurrence and progression of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) but can induce local side effects leading to treatme...

Authors: Luca Topazio, Roberto Miano, Valentina Maurelli, Gabriele Gaziev, Mauro Gacci, Valerio Iacovelli and Enrico Finazzi-Agrò

Photodynamic diagnosis of shed prostate cancer cells in voided urine treated with 5-aminolevulinic acid

Past attempts at detecting prostate cancer (PCa) cells in voided urine by traditional cytology have been impeded by undesirably low sensitivities but high specificities. To improve the sensitivities, we evalua...

Authors: Yasushi Nakai, Satoshi Anai, Masaomi Kuwada, Makito Miyake, Yoshitomo Chihara, Nobumichi Tanaka, Akihide Hirayama, Katsunori Yoshida, Yoshihiko Hirao and Kiyohide Fujimoto

Changing paradigms in management of metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC)

Recently, the standard of care for metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) has changed considerably. Persistent androgen receptor (AR) signaling has been identified as a target for novel therap...

Authors: Eva Gupta, Troy Guthrie and Winston Tan