From: Complications of circumcision in male neonates, infants and children: a systematic review
Author | Country | Years | Setting | N | Age | Provider | Method | Indication | Follow-up period | Frequency of adverse eventsa | Frequency of serious adverse eventsb |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Comoros Islands | 1997-1998 | Home | 3824 | 2-8 years | Surgical aids, nurses & midwifes | Dorsal slit | Routine | 11 days | 2.3% | 0.5% | |
Aldemir [48] | Turkey | 2006 | Hospital | 200 | 2-9 years | Urologist | 65% Smart clamp 35% Dissection | Routine | 6 weeks | 5% | 1% |
Bazmamoun [45] | Iran | 2006-2007 | Hospital | 394 | Mean 9 months | Surgeon | Sleeve | Routine | 6 months | 7-10%c | 0% |
Griffiths [49] | England | 1985 | Hospital | 99 | Mean 4.3 years | - | Dissection | 85% medical 11% religious 4% other | 3-5 weeks | 6.4%d | 2.8%e |
Ozdemir [46] | Turkey | 1990s | Mass circ. in hospital | 700 | 8 days to puberty | - | Forceps guided | Routine | 3 months | 8%f | 0% |
Schmitz [51] | Holland | 1997 | Health centre | 94 | Median 3 years | GP residents under supervision of a surgeon | Freehand | Religious | 1 week | 12% | 0% |
Schmitz [50] | Malaysia | 2001 | Community | 64 | Median 10 years | Medical assistants supervised by doctors | TaraKlamp | Routine | 6 weeks | 1.6% | 0% |
Sharma [44] | India | 2003 | Hospital | 15 | 2-25 years | Surgeons | Dorsal slit | Medical or religious | 90 days | 13.3% | 0% |
Sorensen [52] | Denmark | 1981-1983 | Hospital | 43 | Mean 6.5 years (range 1-13) | Surgeon (early stage in training) | Plastibell | Medical | Mean 29 months | Immediate postoperative (reported) 9.3%g Late complications (reported) 0%h | 0% |
Subramaniam [47] | Singapore | - | Hospital | 152 | Mean 7 years | Surgeon | CO2 laser | Not given | - | 4.6% | 0.7% |