Figure 1

Schematic of the experimental model. Low concentration (1×10⁴), medium concentration (1×10⁵) and high concentrations (1×10⁶) of intact UROtsa benign human bladder cells, or a mixture of human bladder cancer lines, T24 and UM-UC-14 were added to 10 ml of pooled urine from three healthy controls. Low protein concentration of cellular lysate (4 μg), medium concentration (40 μg) and high concentrations (400 μg) of UROtsa benign human bladder cells, or from a mixture of human bladder cancer lines, T24 and UM-UC-14 were added to 10 ml of pooled urine from three healthy controls. Whole blood (1, 5, 20 and 50 μl) was also added to 10 ml of pooled urine from healthy controls.