Fig. 2

The effect of PPARγ signal on differentiation of bladder organoids. (A) Experimental protocol. AdBOs were grown for 1 week (Day 1 to 8), split to multiple wells, and divided into 4 groups. Each group of organoids was then treated with vehicle alone (DMSO), 1 μM Ros, 1 μM T007, or untreated (none) (Day 8 to 15). After 1 week of treatment, mRNA were isolated and subjected for qPCR on Day 15. (B) and (C) Relative expression levels of the differentiated cell markers (Krt20, Upk1a, Upk2, Upk3a) (B) and immature cell markers (Krt5, Trp63, Krt14) (C) in 4 groups of organoids. Values represent the average of three independent experiments and error bars denote standard error of the mean. ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01 and *p < 0.05