Fig. 4

Fgf7-PPARγ axis has a pivotal role to induce differentiation in bladder organoids. (A) Experimental protocol. AdBOs were grown for 1 week (Day 1 to 8) in Fgf7+/Fgf10 + medium, split to multiple wells, and divided into 6 groups. Three out of 6 groups of organoids were cultured in Fgf7+/Fgf10- medium and the other three were in Fgf7-/Fgf10 + medium, respectively. Then each of three groups was treated with vehicle alone (DMSO), 1 μM T007, or untreated (none) for the next 1 week (Day 8 to 15). Additionally, 1 μM Ros was added only in Fgf7-/Fgf10 + medium. mRNA were isolated and subjected for qPCR on Day 15. (B) and (C) Relative expression levels of differentiated cell marker genes (Krt20, Upk1a, Upk2, Upk3a) in organoids cultured in the presence of Fgf7 (Fgf7+/Fgf10-) (B) or Fgf10 (Fgf7-/Fgf10+) (C). Values represent the average of three independent experiments and error bars denote standard error of the mean. **p < 0.01 and *p < 0.05